Season Based Application of Bush Control Techniques for Unaddressed Bush Species (Vachellia senegal) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Asfaw Ejo,
Bikila Nagasa,
Jaldesa Doyo,
Samuel Tuffa
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
57-62
Received:
18 April 2023
Accepted:
2 June 2023
Published:
20 June 2023
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate bush controlling techniques on encroaching bush species (Vachellia Senegal) in Miyo district of Borana zone for three consecutive years. A total area of 2.5 hectares of rangeland encroached by Vachellia species was replicated into two plots for each four seasons. Each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments; cutting at 0.15m above ground 2, 4 D application on stump (T1), cutting at 0.15m above ground a mixture of 75% 2,4-D and 25% water application on stump (T2), cutting at 0.15m above ground kerosene application on stump (T3), cutting at 0.5m above ground debarking (T4) and no cutting (T5). Data on different parameters including basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species were collected before and after treatment applications. The result indicated that for all seasons, different parameters were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by the applied treatments. Among the tested bush controlling treatments, T1 was more effective in bush controlling in dry (78%) and cool dry (71%) seasons as compared to other treatments. Similarly in the dry season, the responses of T2, T3, and T4 in controlling Vachellia Senegal were 69%, 63% and 61% respectively. The result also showed that different bush controlling techniques were found to improve the basal and litter cover, species richness, species evenness, and biomass yield of rangeland. The evaluated techniques were also indicated in decreased soil erosion and soil compaction. Increased in basal cover and changed in vegetation structure of rangeland of bush thinned plots were related with reduction of encroaching canopy thickness and regenerated perennial herbaceous species. Due to better accessibility, cost effectiveness and friendly to environment T4; cutting at 0.5m above ground and debarking was recommended for pastoralist to be applied at dry season. Besides, reseeding important herbaceous species with enough periods of resting shall be considered for improving degraded rangelands such as less recovery potential of bush cover areas.
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate bush controlling techniques on encroaching bush species (Vachellia Senegal) in Miyo district of Borana zone for three consecutive years. A total area of 2.5 hectares of rangeland encroached by Vachellia species was replicated into two plots for each four seasons. Each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to re...
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Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance in Coffee (Coffea arabica L.): Implication for Genetic Improvement Program: Review
Dawit Merga,
Lemi Beksisa
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
63-70
Received:
17 May 2023
Accepted:
2 June 2023
Published:
27 June 2023
Abstract: Drought is a limiting factor of coffee production and industry worldwide which result 40-80% yield loses. The most substantial solution for this factor is developing tolerant coffee variety. In order to design genetic improvement program, understanding the mechanisms exhibited by drought tolerant and desirable traits involved in coffee genotypes under drought stress is priority issue. Thus, the present review article was conducted with the intension to assess and to understand the drought tolerance mechanisms revealed in coffee for further genetic improvement program. So far, the achieved research results on drought tolerance mechanisms of coffee such as morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms were clearly discussed in this article. Drought tolerant coffee genotypes exhibited deep root, reduce leaf area and even shade leaf, control on stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration under water deficit. Under drought stress, several biochemical accumulation such as sugar, amino acid, carbon metabolism enzymes Viz sucrose synthase and phosphofructokinase were confirmed in drought tolerant coffee which favor osmoregulation and enable desiccation tolerance. Coffee breeders’ experts should be conscious these desirable traits during coffee genetic improvement for drought tolerance. In Arabica coffee, CaERF017 is the most expressed gene under low temperature and drought stress. Generally, many genes identified in Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora that response to drought stress which are essential for intra and inter- cross for genetic enhancement and developing drought tolerant coffee variety.
Abstract: Drought is a limiting factor of coffee production and industry worldwide which result 40-80% yield loses. The most substantial solution for this factor is developing tolerant coffee variety. In order to design genetic improvement program, understanding the mechanisms exhibited by drought tolerant and desirable traits involved in coffee genotypes un...
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Incidence and Populations Fluctuation of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. 1854 (Pyralidae) on African Eggplant (Solanaceae) and Their Relationship with Abiotic Factors
Pierre Stephan Elono Azang,
Cyril Romeo Heumou,
Desiree Chantal Alene,
Dounia,
Leslie Carelle Mahanac Njiti,
Pierre Ngassam,
Joseph Lebel Tamesse,
Champlain Djieto-Lordon
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
71-81
Received:
18 February 2023
Accepted:
13 March 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: The study on the temporal fluctuation of populations and damage caused by Leucinodes orbonalis on African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) fruits was carried out in the forest region of South Cameroon from June 11 to September 22, 2018. It consisted of incubations of the attacked fruits in the laboratory for the study of L. orbonalis abundances and the evaluation of the damage caused by the same pest directly in the field and during each harvest; followed by the correlations with abiotic factors. The results showed that out of 331 incubated fruits for 06 harvests and 02 seasons of study, the average number of adults / fruit of L. orbonalis varied significantly from one harvest to another (F (5, 325) = 27.038, p <0.001) with a peak of 4.37 ± 0.66 individuals / fruit (N= 2) at the 2nd harvest (in August), and season to season (F (1, 329) = 15.002, p <0.001) with a peak of 3.22 ± 0.48 individuals / fruit (N=31) during the short dry season. Damage on S. aethiopicum fruits varied significantly from one harvest to another (F (5, 325) = 27.038, p <0.001) with a peak of 13.05 ± 4.10% in the first week of harvest in August. This damage did not change from one season to another (p <0.659). Means weight, length and diameter of an incubated fruit varied significantly from one harvest to another (F (5, 325) = 5,893; F (5, 325) = 7.71 and F (5, 325) = 7.84; p <0.001 respectively). The highest means weight, length and diameter were obtained at the 2nd and 3rd harvest with average values of 36.15 ± 6.87g and 40.20 ± 4.40g for the mean weight; 4.03 ± 0.30cm and 3.86 ± 0.15cm for the mean length and 4.15 ± 0.34cm and 4.12 ± 0.20cm for the mean diameter. Study revealed that the mean number of L. orbonalis per fruit had a significant positive correlation with mean weight (r=0.39, p <0.01), mean length (r=0.40, p <0.001) and mean diameter (r=0.41, p <0.001) of attacked fruits and multiple regression equations of y=5.3302x+16.021, R2=0.8172; y=0.3103x+2.6544, R2=0.8194 and y=0.3684x+2.6037, R2=0.8664 of weight, length and diameter respectively. Field damage showed a positive and non-significant correlation with precipitation (r = 0.80, p <0.20) and a negative and non-significant correlation with mean temperature (r = -0.737, p <0.262) and mean relative humidity (r = -0.632, p <0.367). These results are of practical significance in designing appropriate strategies for L. orbonalis control in eggplant intercropping systems.
Abstract: The study on the temporal fluctuation of populations and damage caused by Leucinodes orbonalis on African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) fruits was carried out in the forest region of South Cameroon from June 11 to September 22, 2018. It consisted of incubations of the attacked fruits in the laboratory for the study of L. orbonalis abundances and t...
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