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Determination of Critical Period of Weed Competition in Vernonia (Vernonia galamensis Cass. Less) at Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia
Ano Wariyo,
Habtamu Gudisa Megersa,
Negesu Guteta,
Dadi Tolessa Lemma
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
94-100
Received:
26 April 2022
Accepted:
26 May 2022
Published:
8 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20221003.11
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Abstract: Vernonia is a new industrial biofuel crop, which is potentially grown for its seed oil. However, its production has been greatly challenged by diverse constraints like abiotic and biotic (Diseases, insect pests, and weed) factors. The weed effect is one of the important limiting factors for crop growth and productivity in agricultural crop production. But there is little information on the type of weed affecting the crop and the critical time of weed competition for the production of Vernonia galamensis. Hence, this study was conducted at Wondo Genet to determine the critical weed competition period for growth, yield, and yield components of the vernonia plant. The experiment was laid out by RCBD with fourteen treatments of weeding regimes in three replications. The data on the growth, yield components, and yield parameters of vernonia were collected, analyzed, and discussed accordingly. The weed competition duration had a significant influence on the plant height, the number of primary branches per plant, thousand seed weights, seed yield weight per plant, and seed yield weight per hectare. Hence, the highest seed yield was obtained from the weed-free check (2.84 t ha-1), weed-free for 90 (2.66 t ha-1) and 75 (2.63 t ha-1) whereas the lowest was from the weedy-check (0.88 t ha-1). The yield loss of Vernonia galamensis was estimated based on seed yield weight per hectare. Thus, the highest yield loss of seed yield was recorded in the weedy check (69.22%) whereas the lowest was in the weed-free check (0.00%), respectively. To determine the beginning and the end of the critical period of crop-weed competition at 5% and 10% acceptable yield loss levels were used. Therefore, to reduce the yield losses by more than 10% and to obtain a higher economic return, weeds must be kept free within WF75 to WF90 to reduce the risk of economic yield losses as it has been found to be the critical period.
Abstract: Vernonia is a new industrial biofuel crop, which is potentially grown for its seed oil. However, its production has been greatly challenged by diverse constraints like abiotic and biotic (Diseases, insect pests, and weed) factors. The weed effect is one of the important limiting factors for crop growth and productivity in agricultural crop producti...
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Selection of Bread Wheat Genotypes from Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial for Wheat Breeding Program Pipeline in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
101-105
Received:
11 May 2022
Accepted:
2 June 2022
Published:
14 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20221003.12
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Abstract: Wheat breeding mainly deals with the creation of variation through crossing; selection from consequent generation based on the traits of interest; and phenotypically fixation of traits to develop noble varieties for the farmers. The research center objectively doing, to improve the livelihood of the farmers through delivering high yield, disease resistance, and good quality bread wheat varieties with sufficient quality foundation seeds. The National Wheat Research Program introduced 28th Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial (28th SAWYT) along with other trials from CIMMYT Mexico. The introduced trial SAWYT had forty-nine genotypes and one empty room for the local check. A local check Kingbird added to the forty-nine genotypes, a total of 50 genotypes planted as SAWYT. The trial was conducted in Alpha Lattice design with two replications. The experiment was carried out at two locations: Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center (KARC) and Melkasa Agricultural Research Center (MARC). Date of Heading (DTH), Date of Maturity (DTM), Plant Height (PHT), and Disease data collected on the field on time. Thousand kernel weight (TKW), Hectoliter weight (HLW), and Grain Yield (GYLD) taken in the laboratory after harvest. Only two genotypes were significantly different at (p < 0.05) from the check variety kingbird for grain yield. Compared to the check, Kingbird, thirty-four genotypes showed better resistance to yellow rust disease (Table 2). Eleven genotypes exhibited better resistance for stem rust than Kingbird (Table 2). Moreover, EBW212106, EBW213073, EBW213074, EBW213077, EBW212110, EBW213087, EBW213106, and EBW213107 revealed resistance for both of wheat rusts than Kingbird. Testing genotype in the right environment enables the breeders to develop and release best bread wheat varieties for the farmers.
Abstract: Wheat breeding mainly deals with the creation of variation through crossing; selection from consequent generation based on the traits of interest; and phenotypically fixation of traits to develop noble varieties for the farmers. The research center objectively doing, to improve the livelihood of the farmers through delivering high yield, disease re...
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Alternative Strategy to the Chemical Control of Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, Causative Agent of Banana Trees Black Sigatoka by the Use of Biopesticides
Tuo Seydou,
Amari Ler-N’Ogn Dade Georges Elisee,
Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean-Martial,
Sanogo Souleymane,
Yeo Gnenakan,
Camara Brahima,
Ouedraogo Somgnogdin Leonard,
Kone Daouda
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
106-117
Received:
3 May 2022
Accepted:
7 June 2022
Published:
14 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20221003.13
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Abstract: The control of black leaf streak disease (BLSD), caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, through the abusive use of synthetic fungicides, most often poses environmental pollution problems and harms consumers’ health. In order to overcome this situation, this study was initiated with a view to comparing the impact of eight (8) essential-oil based biopesticides and two synthetic fungicides of the Triazole family, on BLSD progression on-farm with the aim of using them in an integrated and sustainable management. To this end, a trial was conducted in Azaguié, in southeastern Côte d'Ivoire, under natural infestation conditions. The trial was set up in May 2014 and repeated in June 2015. The data collected during these two years of study were combined. An assessment of the effectiveness of biopesticides on phytopathological parameters during the vegetative stage of banana trees, namely the youngest leaf affected (YLA), the youngest necrotic leaf (YNL), the number of living leaves (NLL) and the severity index (SI) then at flowering and at harvest (NFLF, NFLH) was carried out. In addition to these aforementioned parameters, disease progression status (DPS) was assessed. The agronomic parameters assessed during the vegetative stage were the number of emerged leaves (NEL), pseudostem height (pH) and pseudostem girth at 10 cm above ground (C10) and at harvest, bunch weight (BW), the number of hands in the bunch (NHB) and the number of fingers in the bunch (NFB). The assessment of banana tree response to the application of biopesticides on-farm as part of black leaf streak disease control showed significant differences. These differences were observed between the parameters characterizing the foliar symptoms of the disease (YLA, YNL and SI) in the control and treated plots. The results of this study are a contribution to reducing the massive use of synthetic fungicides, particularly in industrial dessert banana plantations.
Abstract: The control of black leaf streak disease (BLSD), caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, through the abusive use of synthetic fungicides, most often poses environmental pollution problems and harms consumers’ health. In order to overcome this situation, this study was initiated with a view to comparing the impact of eight (8) essential-oil base...
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Exploration of Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Different Food Sources
Vikas Jha,
Chinmayi Sarang,
Dattatray Sawant,
Kavita Nalawade,
Vrushali Dhamapurkar,
Navdeep Kaur,
Kabir Thakur,
Shruti Amin,
Pratyusha Mane,
Aishwarya Marath
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
118-130
Received:
1 June 2022
Accepted:
20 June 2022
Published:
30 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20221003.14
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Abstract: The growing food adulteration and increasing antibiotic intake has led to deterioration of gut health in humans. Probiotics are feed supplements in the form of live microorganisms that have a positive impact on the host by improving intestinal microbial balance. They offer a variety of important and documented beneficial effects, including the prevention of various disorders and modulating the immune response. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are class of organisms possessing probiotic potential and hence, can be used for producing novel therapeutics for tackling the above-mentioned health concerns. This work focuses on isolation and exploration of probiotic potential of LAB which can confer health benefits when consumed in an adequate manner. A total of 48 bacteria were isolated on the Lactobacillus selection medium (LSB) from fourteen different food sources such as milk, milk-based products, and non-dairy fermented foods. The isolates were assessed for tolerance against various physiochemical conditions, antibiofilm activity, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic resistance, auto and co-aggregation, and hemolytic activity. Six potential LAB isolates exhibited tolerance against a higher concentration of bile acid, NaCl, phenol and stimulated gastric juice. The isolates were negative for gelatinase and hemolytic activity. All the six isolates showed antimicrobial activity against the test organisms, and antimicrobial resistance against the selected antibiotics. In addition to this, all LAB isolates indicated co-aggregation with test pathogens and adhesion to silicone oil and paraffin oil, respectively. Further, these isolates were found to be biofilm producers and exhibited anti-biofilm activity. The Lactic acid bacteria were found to fulfill the basic requirements of a probiotic bacteria and hence, can be used for human consumption resulting in various health benefits.
Abstract: The growing food adulteration and increasing antibiotic intake has led to deterioration of gut health in humans. Probiotics are feed supplements in the form of live microorganisms that have a positive impact on the host by improving intestinal microbial balance. They offer a variety of important and documented beneficial effects, including the prev...
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