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Diatomaceous Earth Effectiveness Against Two Stored Sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, 1794)] Insects Pest
Douan Bleu Gondo,
Kra Kouadio Dagobert,
Kwadjo Koffi Eric,
Danon Aubin Silvère Djiwha,
Doumbia Mamadou
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
160-164
Received:
22 August 2022
Accepted:
27 September 2022
Published:
17 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20221005.11
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Abstract: Grain sorghum and other cereals are very important to ensure food security. However, during storage they are susceptible to insect pests; hence, the necessity to find sustainable strategies for storage pests control. The efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) was assessed in the management of two major beetle pests of stored sorghum: Sitophilus zeamais, and Tribolium castaneum. Sorghum was treated with four concentrations of DE (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6g/kg) and four concentrations of Actellic Super®Dust, a chemical insecticide used as a reference (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1g/kg). The mortality was measured for each treatment after 24, 48, 96 hours, and 7 days of exposure. Mortalities have been corrected for those observed in control jars without insecticides. Both species tested were susceptible to Diatomaceous Earth with a higher susceptibility of S. zeamais compared to T. castaneum. The lowest concentration of Diatomaceous Earth, 0.5 g/kg allowed control of all individuals tested within 96 hours, i.e. 4 days for Sitophilus zeamais and 7 days for Tribolium castaneum. Diatomaceous Earth could be an alternative to chemical insecticides for the control of stored sorghum insect pests, more specifically S. zeamais and T. castaneum.
Abstract: Grain sorghum and other cereals are very important to ensure food security. However, during storage they are susceptible to insect pests; hence, the necessity to find sustainable strategies for storage pests control. The efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) was assessed in the management of two major beetle pests of stored sorghum: Sitophilus zeamai...
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Critical Analysis of Rabbit Production in Abidjan District, Ivory Coast
Kra Kouassi Aboutou Severin,
Djama Abo Nina Raymonde,
Otchoumou Kraidy Athanase,
Kouadio Natia Joseph
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
165-171
Received:
27 September 2022
Accepted:
12 October 2022
Published:
27 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20221005.12
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Abstract: Rabbit production has been identified as a major source of meat and an alternative of a good sustainable economic resource for the population. But, in Ivory Coast, it’s considered as a non-conventional breeding and don’t receive sufficient attention despite it was recognized as a very prolific mammal. The study aims to depict the current situation of the rabbit production and shed light on this situation in order to help the authorities for good decision-taking for rabbit production increasing. The method of survey adopted in this work was random sampling. Three cluster of breeders are identified by the survey: the small, medium and large producer. Results show that the number of rabbits per breeder varies widely from 10 to 600. Rabbit’s activity is generally practice in camps by 35% of breeders and backyards of houses by 65% of breeders in urban areas. This activity are less than ten years old and only 35% of breeders are receive a training. The number of rabbits sold per month vary from 10 to 50 rabbits for 50% of the breeders and between 60 to 150 rabbits. The most of rabbit farmers (82.35%) use commercial pellets as staple food for their rabbits and only 17.65% use fodder. Rabbit farming is therefore highly dependent on commercial pellets. Rabbit production in Côte d’Ivoire is still young and traditional. Efficient and sustainable policies must be applied like a financial support by the authorities to help the breeders to increase their activities.
Abstract: Rabbit production has been identified as a major source of meat and an alternative of a good sustainable economic resource for the population. But, in Ivory Coast, it’s considered as a non-conventional breeding and don’t receive sufficient attention despite it was recognized as a very prolific mammal. The study aims to depict the current situation ...
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Termite, a Hidden Enemy of Crops: A Review
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
172-179
Received:
26 July 2022
Accepted:
24 October 2022
Published:
29 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20221005.13
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Abstract: Termites are social insects of the order Isoptera. It is belonging to the insect infra order Isoptera and are characterized by their colonial behavior. In Africa at large and Ethiopia in particular, the most important termite genera are Macrotermes, Odnotermes, Pseudocanthotermes, Ancistrotermes and Microterme termites. They are found on all continents except Antarctica. The term “hidden enemy” is used in this review because most of the loss caused by termite is during growing time feeding on the roots of crops under the soils. Habitats are the heaviest in the tropic regions, subtropics, and warmer climate regions. It’s predominantly distributed in tropical environment, with the highest species richness in equatorial rainforest. Termites mostly feed on dead plant material and cellulose, generally in the form of wood, leaf litter, soil, or animal dung. Moreover the harmful effect of termite outweighs positive effects. Termite cause wide spread damage to a great variety of crops in tropical Africa. The yield loss from damage of termite in Ethiopia can ranges from 8.6% to 81.4%. Different management techniques are available for controlling termite. However the efficiency of controlling mechanism depends on distribution, biology (reproduction and lifecycle) and ecology of termite species occupying an area. Moreover ITM (Integrated termite management) is environmentally safe and economically affordable mechanism of termite management. Hence the area of this review focuses on distribution of subterranean termite, biology and management techniques. Therefore, distribution, biology and management techniques reviewed in current paper really helpful as source of information for researcher, developmental agents and crop producers about termite, which is neglected crop enemy and currently cause huge loss in agricultural products.
Abstract: Termites are social insects of the order Isoptera. It is belonging to the insect infra order Isoptera and are characterized by their colonial behavior. In Africa at large and Ethiopia in particular, the most important termite genera are Macrotermes, Odnotermes, Pseudocanthotermes, Ancistrotermes and Microterme termites. They are found on all contin...
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Identification Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of Coir Pith Part of Cassava Root
Fekadu Zema Mena,
Yeshanew Fikre Ololo
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2022
Pages:
180-185
Received:
11 August 2022
Accepted:
20 October 2022
Published:
30 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbio.20221005.14
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Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify phytochemicals and anti-microbial activity of the coir pith part extract of cassava root. Preliminary Phytochemical screening was carried out for all the three extracts: n-hexane, methanol and ethanol as per the standard methods. Antibacterial activity of methanol crude extract of the coir pith part (M. esculenta) was performed and it was carried out by using agar well diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical screening shows alkaloids and flavonoids present only on methanol crude extract and tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides steroids, terpenoids and phenols are available on ethanol, methanol and n- hexane crude extracts. The zone of inhibition of methanolic extract of M. esculenta is 13.67 ± 0.58 mm, 16.67 ± 0.57mm and 18.33 ± 0.58mm at concentration of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml in P. aeruginosa, respectively, and 12.33 ± 1.53mm, 13 ± 1.00mm and 15.33 ± 0.58mm at concentration of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml in S. aureus, respectively. Moreover, the extract also showed moderate antibacterial activity at all concentrations in the range between 12 mm to 18mm on both tested organisms. So, the present study concludes that the coir pith extract anti-nutrients because of the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids and phenols.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify phytochemicals and anti-microbial activity of the coir pith part extract of cassava root. Preliminary Phytochemical screening was carried out for all the three extracts: n-hexane, methanol and ethanol as per the standard methods. Antibacterial activity of methanol crude extract of the coir pith part ...
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