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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) Conferring Dry Matter Content and Starch Content in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Vidya Prasannakumari,
Aswathy Gopalakrishnan Heinining Nair,
Chokkappan Mohan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
1-9
Received:
25 November 2020
Accepted:
9 December 2020
Published:
18 January 2021
Abstract: Cassava tubers are an excellent source of carbohydrate and a competitive source of starch most traded internationally. It is a highly desirable raw material for food and industrial purpose due to its high dietary carbohydrate content. The economic value of cassava products lies in the DMC (dry matter content). Cassava roots contain up to 80-90 per cent of carbohydrate by dry weight and 80 per cent of carbohydrate is starch. Increasing world population, limited land area, changing climatic condition and food scarcity demanded the need for improved cassava starch. Yield of cassava tubers is related to both tuber volume and DMC and thus DMC can be improved by cassava breeding. Thus QTL mapping of DMC is very much relevant to understand the genetic effects controlling the traits. The current study focused on QTL mapping for DMC and SC (starch content) to identify and study the favourite alleles using Windows cartographer version 2.5. Single marker analysis (SMA) identified seven marker alleles associated with DMC and eight marker alleles associated with SC. Using interval mapping, a single QTL for DMC was identified in chrom21 flanked by SSRY110b and SSRY182b. On the other hand, five QTLs for SC were identified by simple interval mapping (SIM) and a single QTL in chrom17 with R2 value of 12% and at a LOD value 5 using composite interval mapping (CIM). The exact position of the QTLs and its interactions were studied using MIM and the genetic effect of QTLs controlling DMC was found to be over-dominance. But in the case of SC, the QTL interaction was identified and found to be additive x additive epistatic interaction.
Abstract: Cassava tubers are an excellent source of carbohydrate and a competitive source of starch most traded internationally. It is a highly desirable raw material for food and industrial purpose due to its high dietary carbohydrate content. The economic value of cassava products lies in the DMC (dry matter content). Cassava roots contain up to 80-90 per ...
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Progressive and Regressive Algae of the Genus Navicula Bory (Bacillariophyta) of Water Bodies of the Chirchik River Basin (Uzbekistan) and Protecshion
Alimjanova Kholiskhon Alimjanovna,
Turabaev Akmal Normuminovich,
Shaiimculova Minabar Abduvaiitovna,
Rajabova Mamura Saparovna,
Soatov Giyosiddin Turdiyevich
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
10-16
Received:
30 November 2020
Accepted:
17 December 2020
Published:
18 January 2021
Abstract: In the article, the authors present for the first time the progressive and regressing algae of the genus Navicula Bory (Bacillariophyta) in the water bodies of the Chirchik River basin. The research was carried out during 2005-2012, 2018-2020 yy. with the National Universities of Uzbekistan and the Institutes and Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 122 species and varieties of algae of the genus Navicula Bory have been identified. Among them, new species for water bodies, saprobic indicators were noted, the seasonality of algae was studied. The main new ideas in the article are as follows: among the algae found, it is progressive algae 6. They are found "often", "very often", "in mass or mass" in one field of view of the objective, their frequency of occurrence is equal to 5, 7, 9 points and is considered a resistant species in various environmental conditions, being a promising algae with full life. 96 - less progressive algae, occurs "often", "rarely", the occurrence is equal to 5, 3 points and is less resistant and less promising algae with a sex life. 20 species and varieties are regressing algae, in water bodies it meets only "units" (single), the frequency of occurrence is equal to 1 (one) point and is considered unstable algae of the investigated water bodies, in the future, there is a threat to safety and Not Live! (No Life!) Needs protection. It was proposed to include in the next issue of the "Red Book" of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as to accept and include in the list of protected microorganisms water bodies of Uzbekistan under the Committee for Ecology and Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Abstract: In the article, the authors present for the first time the progressive and regressing algae of the genus Navicula Bory (Bacillariophyta) in the water bodies of the Chirchik River basin. The research was carried out during 2005-2012, 2018-2020 yy. with the National Universities of Uzbekistan and the Institutes and Botany of the Academy of Sciences o...
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Effect of Thermotherapy on the Development of Anthracnose on Post-harvest Mangoes of the Amelie Variety in Côte d’Ivoire
Kouame Koffi Gaston,
Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean-martial,
Kouame Konan Didier,
Kouame Konan,
Bolou Bi Bolou Antoine,
Kone Daouda
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
17-24
Received:
2 January 2021
Accepted:
11 January 2021
Published:
4 February 2021
Abstract: The post-harvest management of anthracnose is a major challenge for the stakeholders in mango sector. This constraint is linked to lake of an effective product and prohibition of several chemical molecules in the post-harvest fruit treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the level of efficiency of hot water in the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioïdes (Penz), the causal agent of mango anthracnose var. 'Amelie' under in vitro and in vivo test conditions and its effect on some physico-chemical parameters of the fruit. It is part of the research for alternative solutions to the chemical method of controlling mango anthracnose after harvest. The germination inhibitory capacity of C. gloeosporioïdes spores of water at 45°C and in contact with the fruit during 4 soaking times (5; 10; 15 and 20 min) was evaluated. In addition, the effect of hot water on the development of anthracnose symptoms of artificially inoculated fruits and on their quality was tested. Soaking times of 15 and 20 min effectively reduced (11.98±2.72 and 17.79±3.18%) the germination of C. gloeosporioïdes (Penz) spores after 18 hours of observation. Soaking the mangoes in 45°C hot water for 20 min showed low infection rates (22.00 ± 4.01%) with small lesion sizes (0.12 ± 0.03 cm). However, not all treatments influenced the physico-chemical parameters of the treated var. ‘Amélie’ mangoes. In sum, hot water at 45°C did not provide 100% protection of the fruits for a long time, but can be used in combination with other methods.
Abstract: The post-harvest management of anthracnose is a major challenge for the stakeholders in mango sector. This constraint is linked to lake of an effective product and prohibition of several chemical molecules in the post-harvest fruit treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the level of efficiency of hot water in the control of Colletotrichum gl...
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Improvement of Productivity of the Moderate Metabolism Clone GT 1 of Hevea Brasiliensis Muell. Arg. by Early Upward Tapping in Côte d'Ivoire
Obouayeba Samuel,
Soumahin Eric Francis,
Lacote Regis,
Essehi Jean Lopez,
Gohet Eric,
Obouayeba Abba Pacome
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
25-33
Received:
23 January 2021
Accepted:
1 February 2021
Published:
10 February 2021
Abstract: The quest for greater return on investment at short time is a recurring concern of the rubber industry. Early reverse tapping could be an option to this concern. It is therefore to verify this hypothesis that five different stages of initiation of upward tapping, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th year and the control in 10th year, with application of 2.5 and 5% ethephon was conducted for eight years in the South-East (Bettié) and the Centre-West (Gagnoa) of Côte d'Ivoire. Irrespective of the ethephon concentration used, average yield obtained from upward tapping at 6th year was 3012 ± 516 kg ha-1 y-1 against 2528 kg ha-1 y-1 in the control, where controlled upward tapping started at 10th year with a productivity gain of 19%. The mean annual increase in circumference in the upward tapped trees at 6th year, was 3.02 ± 0.18 cm y-1 and statistically higher than that of the control treatment (2.40 cm y-1). Physiological profiles improved during the experiment, regardless of site and of periods of upward tapping. Generally, the sensitivity to panel dryness in the control is more pronounced than that of early upward tapping. Our results suggest very early upward tapping at 6th year after the 5 years of downward tapping, is the best period to harvest latex from the high tapping panel.
Abstract: The quest for greater return on investment at short time is a recurring concern of the rubber industry. Early reverse tapping could be an option to this concern. It is therefore to verify this hypothesis that five different stages of initiation of upward tapping, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th year and the control in 10th year, with application of 2.5 and 5% e...
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