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Phenotypic Characterization of Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Germplasm, in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
34-41
Received:
13 January 2021
Accepted:
17 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important for a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. The study was conducted at Metu Agricultural Research Sub Center to characterize extent of genetic variability of coffee accessions. Sixty four Coffee collections were used for this study. The experiment was superimposed during 2018 cropping seasons on six years old coffee trees, which were laid down in 8x8 simple lattice designs. The orchard was managed as per the coffee agronomic production practices. Data on 12 qualitative traits were recorded from four representative trees per row for each accession. Estimates of frequency distribution and Shannon and Weaver diversity index using qualitative traits revealed the presence of genetic variability between coffee geremplasm. The maximum diversity index (H’) (highly polymorphic) was found for fruit color (1.22) followed by young leaf tip color (1.08), stipule shape (1.06), leaf shape (1.04), angle of insertion on primary branches (0.97), fruit shape (0.91), growth habit (0.90) and branching habit (0.73), whereas low diversity (lowest polymorphic) was observed in fruit ribs (H`=0.50) and stem habit (H`=0.35). Cluster analysis Grouped 64 coffee accessions in to five clusters. Maximum numbers of accessions were included in cluster-II (29) followed by cluster-I (27), cluster-III (6) and cluster-IV (1). Thus, there is a chance to develop hybrid vigor through crossing diverged parents found in different cluster. Therefore, current study substantiated the existence of sufficient genetic variability in Yayu coffee germplasm for various morphological traits, which can be employed for successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources, as well to identify possible duplicates.
Abstract: Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important for a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. The study was conducted at Metu Agricultural Research Sub Center to characterize extent of genetic variability of coffee accessions. Sixty four Coffee collections were used for this study. ...
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Assessment of Ricinus communis (Castor Oil) Seed as Potential Protein Source in Weanling Diet Formulations
Ezim Ogechukwu Ebere,
Nkwonta Chikere Godwin
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
42-46
Received:
3 March 2021
Accepted:
19 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Protein-rich weanling food products, particularly those from animal sources, are not very accessible and affordable in several developing nations in Africa. Most women resort primarily to the use of only carbohydrate-based food such as cornstarch, to wean their toddlers from breast-feeding. This has led to several children getting affected by protein energy malnutrition and other associated conditions. The need to develop plant-based protein-rich weanling diets is therefore essential to ensure a balance in nutrient intake of toddlers. Growth and maintenance studies using Ricinus communis seed-diet formulations were investigated in wistar rats, to evaluate it’s potential as weanling diet. The diets were formulated using AIN 93G methods for laboratory rats during their growth, pregnancy and lactating periods. Thirty weanling male albino rats (40-60g) were utilized in this study, they were divided into five groups of six rats each based on sample treatment respectively. The groups includes; (CAS) casein diet, (BRC) boiled R. communis diet, (FRC) fermented R. communis diet, (FRC+C) fermented R. communis plus charcoal diet, and (NFD) nitrogen free diet. The rats were housed in individual metabolic cages equipped to separate faeces and urine. The growth study lasted for 21 days followed by a 7 days maintenance period. The proximate composition showed that R. communis seeds is high in protein (33.25%) and fat (37.70%). Boiling and fermentation treatments decreased the protein (23.13 and 20.37%) and fat (24.5 and 21.0%) contents, respectively. Sample-based diets were least consumed by the rats, which showed retarded growth as well, compared to CAS control and NFD diet groups. The nitrogen balanced studies showed that over 80% of the nitrogen consumed from the test diet were absorbed and retained, suggesting high utilization of the seed nitrogen.
Abstract: Protein-rich weanling food products, particularly those from animal sources, are not very accessible and affordable in several developing nations in Africa. Most women resort primarily to the use of only carbohydrate-based food such as cornstarch, to wean their toddlers from breast-feeding. This has led to several children getting affected by prote...
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Clinical Characteristics of Egyptian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Infected with COVID-19: Tertiary Center Experience from Egypt
Ahmed Fouad Sherief,
Mostafa Abd Alfattah Shamkh,
Mohamed Amin Sakr,
Waleed Hamed Abd Alaty,
Ahmed Nagah Bassuny,
Ibrahim Abdelhakim Ibrahim,
Safaa Ragab Askar,
Shimaa Yousef Kamel,
Heba Rashad,
Mohamed Mahmoud Eltabbakh
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
47-54
Received:
11 March 2021
Accepted:
22 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: During COVID-19 pandemic, inflammatory bowel disease patients were significantly worried about being at a higher risk of getting COVID-19 infection, the effect of their medications on the course of infection and the expected prognosis. This is a retrospective cohort study done in Our Inflammatory bowel disease unit, Tropical Medicine Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. We retrospectively reviewed all our patients infected with COVID-19 (13 patients) during the period from March 2020 till mid-September 2020. Thirteen patients in our unit were infected with COVID-19. The mean age of infected patients was 39.92 ± 11.16 years. Most of them were females 11 (84.6%). Most of them had ulcerative colitis (61.5%) and only 38.5% had crohn's disease. Only six patients were admitted to isolation hospital, all of them were ulcerative colitis. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (84.6%), cough (76.9%) and diarrhea (61.5%). Three of ulcerative colitis patients encountered disease exacerbation. All our infected patients had a good prognosis regarding their inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 course. COVID-19 infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients may carry a favorable outcome despite the vulnerability of those patients.
Abstract: During COVID-19 pandemic, inflammatory bowel disease patients were significantly worried about being at a higher risk of getting COVID-19 infection, the effect of their medications on the course of infection and the expected prognosis. This is a retrospective cohort study done in Our Inflammatory bowel disease unit, Tropical Medicine Department, Ai...
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In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-arthritic Activity of the Aqueous Extract of the Bark of Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) on Wistars Rats
Ouattara-Soro Fatou Shcherazade,
Kouadio Kouakou John,
Yao Konan Bertin,
Thanon Mariam,
Abizi Georges
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
55-62
Received:
4 March 2021
Accepted:
16 March 2021
Published:
7 April 2021
Abstract: Distemonanthus benthamianus is a plant of the Caesalpiniaceae family, used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory problems such as rheumatism, bronchitis, epilepsy, and boils. The objective of the present work is to develop the pharmacological properties of this plant by evaluating the antioxidant (in vitro) and anti-arthritic properties of the bark of the plant on wistar rat. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by determining the antiradical activity through the DPPH radical scavenging test and the reducing activity of the extract. The anti-arthritic activity of the extract was evaluated on Wistars rats. Arthritis was induced in rats by injection of Freud's complete adjuvant in the plantar fascia of the left leg of the rats. The reducing power and the IC50 of the extract were 426.0±17.31 µmol Eq/Trolox/g EXS and 26.67±1.12 µg/mL, respectively. The plant extract and reference molecules administered to arthritic rats significantly reduced edema and arthritic signs. The weight of the rats was quickly stabilized at the level of the treated rats. At the end of the experiment, the percentages of inhibition of the extract at the doses of 200, 400, 800 mg/kg/bw were respectively 38.2%, 44.33% and 48%. As for the molecules of diclofenac sodium and Prednisone (5 mg/kg/bw), the percentages of inhibition were 47.33% and 37.84% respectively. A part from the reduction of edema, the hematological (leukocytes, platelets) and biochemical (fibrinogen, total protein, albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin, AST, ALT) parameters evaluated in treated rats showed no significant difference compared to healthy rats. These results confirm the traditional use of Distemonanthus benthamianus bark in cases of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Abstract: Distemonanthus benthamianus is a plant of the Caesalpiniaceae family, used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory problems such as rheumatism, bronchitis, epilepsy, and boils. The objective of the present work is to develop the pharmacological properties of this plant by evaluating the antioxidant (in vitro) and anti-arthritic properties of ...
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Genotype × Environment Interaction and Selection of High Yielding Wheat Genotypes for Different Wheat-growing Areas of Ethiopia
Gadisa Alemu,
Alemu Dabi,
Nagesh Geleta,
Ruth Duga,
Tafesse Solomon,
Habtemariam Zegaye,
Abebe Getamesay,
Abebe Delesa,
Dawit Asnake,
Bayisa Asefa,
Yewubdar Shewaye,
Bekele Geleta Abeyo,
Ayele Badebo
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
63-71
Received:
9 February 2021
Accepted:
24 March 2021
Published:
23 April 2021
Abstract: Evaluation of wheat genotypes under different environments is essential for testing stability of their performance and range of adaptations. Where, enhanced grain yield has been achieved in bread wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) through the development of adaptable, high-yielding, and rust-resistant genotypes by evaluating advanced genotypes for yield in multi-environment trials. The adaptability of a genotype over diverse environments is usually tested by the degree of its interaction with different environments under which it is grown. This study examines fifteen bread wheat genotypes for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) across eight locations in Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out using a Randomized Complete Block design and replicated three times intending to determine high-yielding advanced genotype and release best performing genotypes as a variety for the end-user. Highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) effects of genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interaction were observed for grain yield. The AMMI analysis of variance indicated that environments accounted for 52.34% of the total sum of squares for grain yield (genotype yields ranged from 5.76 t/ha at E-11 to 1.31 t/ha at E-7). followed by interaction (22.95%) and genotypes (11.31%).The genotype ETBW8260 (G4) exhibited high mean grain yield and well performed to the tested environments. The ETBW8260 (G4) was selected as early maturing, high yielding, resistant to yellow rust and fitting for low to midland wheat growing areas and has a yield advantage over the standard Ogolcho and the local Kakaba. Both locations and genotypes are dispersed widely in all quadrants in the AMMI-1 biplot. As per the YSI Ogolcho (#15) ETBW8303 (G2), ETBW8454 (G12), ETBW8261 (G5), ETBW8406 (G10), ETBW8310 (G3), and ETBW8260 (G4), the genotypes of bread wheat were stable. Besides, the genotype ETBW8260 (G4 has highest mean yield with good stability. Therefore, after a one-year variety verification trial, ETBW8260 is released as a commercial variety in 2019 and a designated local name called “Balcha” and recommended for low-medium part of wheat production agroecology of the country.
Abstract: Evaluation of wheat genotypes under different environments is essential for testing stability of their performance and range of adaptations. Where, enhanced grain yield has been achieved in bread wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) through the development of adaptable, high-yielding, and rust-resistant genotypes by evaluating advanced genotypes for yield i...
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