Wasp Venom (<i>Polistes flavus</i>) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom

Krishna Kumar Prajapati; Ravi Kant Upadhyay

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15

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Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom

Krishna Kumar Prajapati, Ravi Kant Upadhyay

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 10, Issue 6)

Received: 4 November 2022 Accepted: 25 November 2022 Published: 23 December 2022

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Abstract

In the present investigation, in vivo effects of wasp toxin were evaluated on reversal of metabolic enzymes after providing purified anti-venom antibodies (anti-toxins) at 4 hour of treatment with 40% 24-h LD₅₀. Venom glands of yellow wasp Polistes flavus were homogenized and loaded on gel filtration column for purification and isolation of venom toxins/proteins from wasp Polistes flavus. These proteins were venom proteins ranging from 14.3-63 kDa. The yellow wasp venom proteins obtained from the lyophilization of the two peaks caused toxicity in the albino mice. The LD₅₀of the yellow wasp Polistes flavus venom protein was found 36.11 mg/kilogram body weight i.e., 0.03611 mg/gram body weight of albino mice. Presence of antibodies in antiserum was tested by using the immune-double diffusion method of Ouchterlony (1962). A precipitin ring was obtained by filling purified antigen and antibody interaction after 24 hrs. Albino mice were treated with 40% of 24-h LD₅₀ of purified wasp venom pre-incubated with different doses of purified wasp anti-venom and the neutralizing effects of anti-venom was measured in terms of reversal of metabolic alterations caused by wasp venom, after 4 hours of the treatment. The purified wasp anti-venom significantly (p<0.05) reversed the metabolic alterations caused by the wasp venom. The reversal of venom induced metabolic alteration in alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum of albino mice was dose dependent (p<0.05, student t-test). This restoration of enzyme levels in blood serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice also display healing of liver damage, and necrosis in hepatic cells.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 10, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15
Page(s)	206-219
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Polistes flavus, Envenomation, Venom Toxins, Metabolic Alterations in Biomolecules, Enzymes, Restoration and Reversal of Toxicity, Immunotherapy

References

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Krishna Kumar Prajapati, Ravi Kant Upadhyay. (2022). Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom. American Journal of BioScience, 10(6), 206-219. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15

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Krishna Kumar Prajapati; Ravi Kant Upadhyay. Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom. Am. J. BioScience 2022, 10(6), 206-219. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15

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AMA Style

Krishna Kumar Prajapati, Ravi Kant Upadhyay. Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom. Am J BioScience. 2022;10(6):206-219. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15,
  author = {Krishna Kumar Prajapati and Ravi Kant Upadhyay},
  title = {Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {206-219},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221006.15},
  abstract = {In the present investigation, in vivo effects of wasp toxin were evaluated on reversal of metabolic enzymes after providing purified anti-venom antibodies (anti-toxins) at 4 hour of treatment with 40% 24-h LD50. Venom glands of yellow wasp Polistes flavus were homogenized and loaded on gel filtration column for purification and isolation of venom toxins/proteins from wasp Polistes flavus. These proteins were venom proteins ranging from 14.3-63 kDa. The yellow wasp venom proteins obtained from the lyophilization of the two peaks caused toxicity in the albino mice. The LD50 of the yellow wasp Polistes flavus venom protein was found 36.11 mg/kilogram body weight i.e., 0.03611 mg/gram body weight of albino mice. Presence of antibodies in antiserum was tested by using the immune-double diffusion method of Ouchterlony (1962). A precipitin ring was obtained by filling purified antigen and antibody interaction after 24 hrs. Albino mice were treated with 40% of 24-h LD50 of purified wasp venom pre-incubated with different doses of purified wasp anti-venom and the neutralizing effects of anti-venom was measured in terms of reversal of metabolic alterations caused by wasp venom, after 4 hours of the treatment. The purified wasp anti-venom significantly (p<0.05) reversed the metabolic alterations caused by the wasp venom. The reversal of venom induced metabolic alteration in alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum of albino mice was dose dependent (p<0.05, student t-test). This restoration of enzyme levels in blood serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice also display healing of liver damage, and necrosis in hepatic cells.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom
AU  - Krishna Kumar Prajapati
AU  - Ravi Kant Upadhyay
Y1  - 2022/12/23
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 206
EP  - 219
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15
AB  - In the present investigation, in vivo effects of wasp toxin were evaluated on reversal of metabolic enzymes after providing purified anti-venom antibodies (anti-toxins) at 4 hour of treatment with 40% 24-h LD50. Venom glands of yellow wasp Polistes flavus were homogenized and loaded on gel filtration column for purification and isolation of venom toxins/proteins from wasp Polistes flavus. These proteins were venom proteins ranging from 14.3-63 kDa. The yellow wasp venom proteins obtained from the lyophilization of the two peaks caused toxicity in the albino mice. The LD50 of the yellow wasp Polistes flavus venom protein was found 36.11 mg/kilogram body weight i.e., 0.03611 mg/gram body weight of albino mice. Presence of antibodies in antiserum was tested by using the immune-double diffusion method of Ouchterlony (1962). A precipitin ring was obtained by filling purified antigen and antibody interaction after 24 hrs. Albino mice were treated with 40% of 24-h LD50 of purified wasp venom pre-incubated with different doses of purified wasp anti-venom and the neutralizing effects of anti-venom was measured in terms of reversal of metabolic alterations caused by wasp venom, after 4 hours of the treatment. The purified wasp anti-venom significantly (p<0.05) reversed the metabolic alterations caused by the wasp venom. The reversal of venom induced metabolic alteration in alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum of albino mice was dose dependent (p<0.05, student t-test). This restoration of enzyme levels in blood serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice also display healing of liver damage, and necrosis in hepatic cells.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Krishna Kumar Prajapati

Immune Biological Lab, Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
Ravi Kant Upadhyay

Immune Biological Lab, Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India

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Krishna Kumar Prajapati, Ravi Kant Upadhyay. (2022). Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom. American Journal of BioScience, 10(6), 206-219. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15

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ACS Style

Krishna Kumar Prajapati; Ravi Kant Upadhyay. Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom. Am. J. BioScience 2022, 10(6), 206-219. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15

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AMA Style

Krishna Kumar Prajapati, Ravi Kant Upadhyay. Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom. Am J BioScience. 2022;10(6):206-219. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15,
  author = {Krishna Kumar Prajapati and Ravi Kant Upadhyay},
  title = {Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {206-219},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221006.15},
  abstract = {In the present investigation, in vivo effects of wasp toxin were evaluated on reversal of metabolic enzymes after providing purified anti-venom antibodies (anti-toxins) at 4 hour of treatment with 40% 24-h LD50. Venom glands of yellow wasp Polistes flavus were homogenized and loaded on gel filtration column for purification and isolation of venom toxins/proteins from wasp Polistes flavus. These proteins were venom proteins ranging from 14.3-63 kDa. The yellow wasp venom proteins obtained from the lyophilization of the two peaks caused toxicity in the albino mice. The LD50 of the yellow wasp Polistes flavus venom protein was found 36.11 mg/kilogram body weight i.e., 0.03611 mg/gram body weight of albino mice. Presence of antibodies in antiserum was tested by using the immune-double diffusion method of Ouchterlony (1962). A precipitin ring was obtained by filling purified antigen and antibody interaction after 24 hrs. Albino mice were treated with 40% of 24-h LD50 of purified wasp venom pre-incubated with different doses of purified wasp anti-venom and the neutralizing effects of anti-venom was measured in terms of reversal of metabolic alterations caused by wasp venom, after 4 hours of the treatment. The purified wasp anti-venom significantly (p<0.05) reversed the metabolic alterations caused by the wasp venom. The reversal of venom induced metabolic alteration in alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum of albino mice was dose dependent (p<0.05, student t-test). This restoration of enzyme levels in blood serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice also display healing of liver damage, and necrosis in hepatic cells.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Wasp Venom (Polistes flavus) Induced Bio-molecular and Enzymatic Alterations in Albino Mice and Its Reversal After Using Anti-venom
AU  - Krishna Kumar Prajapati
AU  - Ravi Kant Upadhyay
Y1  - 2022/12/23
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 206
EP  - 219
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.15
AB  - In the present investigation, in vivo effects of wasp toxin were evaluated on reversal of metabolic enzymes after providing purified anti-venom antibodies (anti-toxins) at 4 hour of treatment with 40% 24-h LD50. Venom glands of yellow wasp Polistes flavus were homogenized and loaded on gel filtration column for purification and isolation of venom toxins/proteins from wasp Polistes flavus. These proteins were venom proteins ranging from 14.3-63 kDa. The yellow wasp venom proteins obtained from the lyophilization of the two peaks caused toxicity in the albino mice. The LD50 of the yellow wasp Polistes flavus venom protein was found 36.11 mg/kilogram body weight i.e., 0.03611 mg/gram body weight of albino mice. Presence of antibodies in antiserum was tested by using the immune-double diffusion method of Ouchterlony (1962). A precipitin ring was obtained by filling purified antigen and antibody interaction after 24 hrs. Albino mice were treated with 40% of 24-h LD50 of purified wasp venom pre-incubated with different doses of purified wasp anti-venom and the neutralizing effects of anti-venom was measured in terms of reversal of metabolic alterations caused by wasp venom, after 4 hours of the treatment. The purified wasp anti-venom significantly (p<0.05) reversed the metabolic alterations caused by the wasp venom. The reversal of venom induced metabolic alteration in alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum of albino mice was dose dependent (p<0.05, student t-test). This restoration of enzyme levels in blood serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice also display healing of liver damage, and necrosis in hepatic cells.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

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