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Effect of Dietary Habits and Socio-economic Status on Menstrual Disorders among Young Females

Received: 26 March 2016     Accepted: 1 June 2016     Published: 30 June 2016
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Abstract

Menstruation is very important phase of reproductive cycle which involves many hormonal changes. Hormone production is known to be affected by diet. Poor nutrition in female diet can affect menstrual cycle and lead to menstrual disorders and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). A cross-sectional study was undertaken to analyze the association of dietary habits and socio-economic status with menstrual disorders among the college going and young working females of Amritsar, Punjab, India during the month of Jan-March 2013. Students who did not attain menarche; were suffering from any chronic health condition or using any medicines for long duration (more than a month) were excluded from the study. A total of 100 females were selected, among 300 surveyed, for this study and each student was given a questionnaire to complete. Majority of the females (87%) belong to middle socio-economic status, having higher prevalence of menstrual disorders due to sedentary lifestyle and western dietary habits. Greater prevalence of menstrual disorders was observed in vegetarian women as compared to non-vegetarian women except for dysmenorrhea. Prevalence of menorrhagia was higher (56.25% vs. 32.69%) in women not taking salad daily while percentages of menorrhagia (44.68% vs. 43.40%) as well as oligomenorrhea (46.81% vs. 45.28%) were found higher in women not eating fruits daily. 93% respondents took junk food and a positive association was observed between consumption of junk food and menstrual disorders.

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 4, Issue 3-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Trends in Experimental Toxicology

DOI 10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14
Page(s) 19-22
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Menstrual Disorders, Nutritional Status, Menorrhagia, Dysmenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea, Pre-menstrual Syndrome

References
[1] J.K. Randhawa, K. Mahajan and A. Gupta (2016) Menstrual disorders among young females of Amritsar. J. Exp. Zool. India 19(1): 401-403.
[2] B. Kuppuswamy (1981) Manual of Socioeconomic Status (Urban). Delhi: Manasayan.
[3] S.I. Barr (1999) Vegetarianism and menstrual cycle disturbances: is there an association? Am. J. Clin. Nutr.70(suppl): 549S–554S.
[4] S.V. Sharma, S. Koonwar, V. Atam, U. Singh, M.L. Patel (2013) Study of hemoglobin in vegetarian and non- vegetarian diet in obese women with risk of cardiac problem in Lucknow city. NJMR 3(2): 170-172.
[5] S.M. Rink, P. Mendola, S.L. Mumford, J.K. Poudrier, R.W. Browne, J. Wactawski-Wende, N.J. Perkins, E.F. Schisterman (2013) Self-report of fruit and vegetable intake that meets the 5 a day recommendation is associated with reduced levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and increased levels of antioxidant defense in premenopausal women. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 113(6):776-85.
[6] A. Brevik, I. Gaivao, T. Medin, A. Jorgenesen, A. Piasek, J. Elilasson, A. Karlsen, R. Blomhoff, T. Veggan, A.K. Duttaroy AK, et al. (2011) Supplementation of a western diet with golden kiwifruits (Actinidiachinensisvar.'Hort 16A':) effects on biomarkers of oxidation damage and antioxidant protection. Nutr. J. 10: 54.
[7] B.J Billaudel, P.M.Bourlon, B.C Sutter, A.G. Faure-Dussert (1995) Regulatory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on insulin release and calcium handling via the phospholipid pathway in islets from vitamin D-deficient rats. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 18:673–682.
[8] G. Rajaeieh, M. Marasi, Z. Shahshahan, F. Hassanbeigi, S.M. Safavi (2014) Therelationship between intake of dairy products and polycystic ovary syndrome in women who referred to Isfahan University of Medical Science clinics in 2013. Int. J. Prev. Med. 5(6): 687–694.
[9] M.A. Pereira, D.R. Jacobs, L. Van Horn, M.L. Slattery, A.I. Kartashov, D.S. Ludwig (2002) Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: The CARDIA Study. JAMA. 287:2081–2089.
[10] K. RupaVani, K.S. Veena, L. Subitha, V.R. Hemanthkumar, A. Bupathy (2013) Menstrual abnormalities in school going girls – Are they related to Dietary and Exercise pattern? J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 7(11): 2537–2540.
[11] J.L. Nirmala, R.L. Jaya Vani, P. NivedhanaAarthi, P. Alaganandam, N. Vanajakshi (2014) A study of menstrual disorders in medical students and its correlation with Biological variables Sch. J. App. Med. Sci. 2 (6): 3165-3175.
[12] T. Fujiwara, N. Sato, H. Awaji, H. Sakamata, R. Nakata (2009) Skipping breakfast adversely affects menstrual disorders in young college students. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 60(6): 23-31.
[13] S. Audhi Lakshmi (2015) Impact of life style and dietary habits on menstrual cycle of college students. International Journal of Science and Research 4(4): 2845-2847.
[14] C.K. Landy, W. Sword, D. Ciliska (2008) Urban women's socioeconomic status, health service needs and utilization in the four weeks after postpartum hospital discharge: findings of a Canadian cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv. Res. 8:203.
[15] T.S. Yu, T.W. Wong (2004) Socioeconomic distribution of health and health care utilization in a new town in Hong Kong, China. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 17:234–245.
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  • APA Style

    Jasjit Kaur Randhawa, Kapila Mahajan, Manbir Kaur, Arti Gupta. (2016). Effect of Dietary Habits and Socio-economic Status on Menstrual Disorders among Young Females. American Journal of BioScience, 4(3-1), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14

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    ACS Style

    Jasjit Kaur Randhawa; Kapila Mahajan; Manbir Kaur; Arti Gupta. Effect of Dietary Habits and Socio-economic Status on Menstrual Disorders among Young Females. Am. J. BioScience 2016, 4(3-1), 19-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14

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    AMA Style

    Jasjit Kaur Randhawa, Kapila Mahajan, Manbir Kaur, Arti Gupta. Effect of Dietary Habits and Socio-economic Status on Menstrual Disorders among Young Females. Am J BioScience. 2016;4(3-1):19-22. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14,
      author = {Jasjit Kaur Randhawa and Kapila Mahajan and Manbir Kaur and Arti Gupta},
      title = {Effect of Dietary Habits and Socio-economic Status on Menstrual Disorders among Young Females},
      journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3-1},
      pages = {19-22},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14},
      abstract = {Menstruation is very important phase of reproductive cycle which involves many hormonal changes. Hormone production is known to be affected by diet. Poor nutrition in female diet can affect menstrual cycle and lead to menstrual disorders and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). A cross-sectional study was undertaken to analyze the association of dietary habits and socio-economic status with menstrual disorders among the college going and young working females of Amritsar, Punjab, India during the month of Jan-March 2013. Students who did not attain menarche; were suffering from any chronic health condition or using any medicines for long duration (more than a month) were excluded from the study. A total of 100 females were selected, among 300 surveyed, for this study and each student was given a questionnaire to complete. Majority of the females (87%) belong to middle socio-economic status, having higher prevalence of menstrual disorders due to sedentary lifestyle and western dietary habits. Greater prevalence of menstrual disorders was observed in vegetarian women as compared to non-vegetarian women except for dysmenorrhea. Prevalence of menorrhagia was higher (56.25% vs. 32.69%) in women not taking salad daily while percentages of menorrhagia (44.68% vs. 43.40%) as well as oligomenorrhea (46.81% vs. 45.28%) were found higher in women not eating fruits daily. 93% respondents took junk food and a positive association was observed between consumption of junk food and menstrual disorders.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Dietary Habits and Socio-economic Status on Menstrual Disorders among Young Females
    AU  - Jasjit Kaur Randhawa
    AU  - Kapila Mahajan
    AU  - Manbir Kaur
    AU  - Arti Gupta
    Y1  - 2016/06/30
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14
    T2  - American Journal of BioScience
    JF  - American Journal of BioScience
    JO  - American Journal of BioScience
    SP  - 19
    EP  - 22
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0167
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.14
    AB  - Menstruation is very important phase of reproductive cycle which involves many hormonal changes. Hormone production is known to be affected by diet. Poor nutrition in female diet can affect menstrual cycle and lead to menstrual disorders and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). A cross-sectional study was undertaken to analyze the association of dietary habits and socio-economic status with menstrual disorders among the college going and young working females of Amritsar, Punjab, India during the month of Jan-March 2013. Students who did not attain menarche; were suffering from any chronic health condition or using any medicines for long duration (more than a month) were excluded from the study. A total of 100 females were selected, among 300 surveyed, for this study and each student was given a questionnaire to complete. Majority of the females (87%) belong to middle socio-economic status, having higher prevalence of menstrual disorders due to sedentary lifestyle and western dietary habits. Greater prevalence of menstrual disorders was observed in vegetarian women as compared to non-vegetarian women except for dysmenorrhea. Prevalence of menorrhagia was higher (56.25% vs. 32.69%) in women not taking salad daily while percentages of menorrhagia (44.68% vs. 43.40%) as well as oligomenorrhea (46.81% vs. 45.28%) were found higher in women not eating fruits daily. 93% respondents took junk food and a positive association was observed between consumption of junk food and menstrual disorders.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India

  • Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India

  • Department of Mathematics, Khalsa College for Women, Amritsar, India

  • Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India

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