Bitter kola (Garcinia kola) is the African wonder nut that is widely eaten for its medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential genotoxic effects of the aqueous extract of G. kola nuts using the Allium cepa test system. Roots of A. cepa were treated to a series of concentrations, 0 µg/ml, 5.0 µg/ml, 10.0 µg/ml, 25.0 µg/ml and 40.0 µg/ml for a period of 72 hours. The results indicated that percentage growth of roots and mitotic chromosome behaviour was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract. Increase in concentration of extract significantly reduced the number of roots and the length of roots recorded indicating a progressive inhibition of the mitotic activity of the meristematic cells. The mean number of roots (3.2±5.97) and mean length of roots (1.3±0.53cm) were minimum at the highest concentration of extract (40µg/ml). Mitotic index was also minimum (0.44±0.05%) at the highest concentration (40µg/ml) of the G. kola extract. The genotoxicity of the extract was measured using the frequency of chromosomal aberrations which revealed a high frequency of Anaphase chromosomal bridges, Anaphase laggards, sticky chromosomes and nuclear vacuoles. The highest percentage of abnormal cells (3.65±3.49%) was determined for the highest concentration (40µg/ml) of extract. The chromosomal abnormalities were evidences of the action of the aqueous extract on the mitotic spindle and the coiling of chromosomes during anaphase to telophase These results are therefore enough to conclude that G. kola extract possesses cytotoxic and cytogenotoxic properties.
| Published in | American Journal of BioScience (Volume 10, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13 |
| Page(s) | 195-200 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Garcinia kola, Allium cepa, Root Growth, Mitotic Index, Chromosome Aberrations
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APA Style
Seino Richard Akwanjoh, Ngnaniyyi Abdoul, Endum Lucas Akacha, Dongmo Tonleu Ingrid. (2022). Cytogenotoxicity of the Aqueous Extract of Bitter Kola (Garcinia kola: Clusiaceae) Using Allium cepa Assay. American Journal of BioScience, 10(6), 195-200. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13
ACS Style
Seino Richard Akwanjoh; Ngnaniyyi Abdoul; Endum Lucas Akacha; Dongmo Tonleu Ingrid. Cytogenotoxicity of the Aqueous Extract of Bitter Kola (Garcinia kola: Clusiaceae) Using Allium cepa Assay. Am. J. BioScience 2022, 10(6), 195-200. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13,
author = {Seino Richard Akwanjoh and Ngnaniyyi Abdoul and Endum Lucas Akacha and Dongmo Tonleu Ingrid},
title = {Cytogenotoxicity of the Aqueous Extract of Bitter Kola (Garcinia kola: Clusiaceae) Using Allium cepa Assay},
journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {195-200},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221006.13},
abstract = {Bitter kola (Garcinia kola) is the African wonder nut that is widely eaten for its medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential genotoxic effects of the aqueous extract of G. kola nuts using the Allium cepa test system. Roots of A. cepa were treated to a series of concentrations, 0 µg/ml, 5.0 µg/ml, 10.0 µg/ml, 25.0 µg/ml and 40.0 µg/ml for a period of 72 hours. The results indicated that percentage growth of roots and mitotic chromosome behaviour was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract. Increase in concentration of extract significantly reduced the number of roots and the length of roots recorded indicating a progressive inhibition of the mitotic activity of the meristematic cells. The mean number of roots (3.2±5.97) and mean length of roots (1.3±0.53cm) were minimum at the highest concentration of extract (40µg/ml). Mitotic index was also minimum (0.44±0.05%) at the highest concentration (40µg/ml) of the G. kola extract. The genotoxicity of the extract was measured using the frequency of chromosomal aberrations which revealed a high frequency of Anaphase chromosomal bridges, Anaphase laggards, sticky chromosomes and nuclear vacuoles. The highest percentage of abnormal cells (3.65±3.49%) was determined for the highest concentration (40µg/ml) of extract. The chromosomal abnormalities were evidences of the action of the aqueous extract on the mitotic spindle and the coiling of chromosomes during anaphase to telophase These results are therefore enough to conclude that G. kola extract possesses cytotoxic and cytogenotoxic properties.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Cytogenotoxicity of the Aqueous Extract of Bitter Kola (Garcinia kola: Clusiaceae) Using Allium cepa Assay AU - Seino Richard Akwanjoh AU - Ngnaniyyi Abdoul AU - Endum Lucas Akacha AU - Dongmo Tonleu Ingrid Y1 - 2022/12/15 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13 T2 - American Journal of BioScience JF - American Journal of BioScience JO - American Journal of BioScience SP - 195 EP - 200 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-0167 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.13 AB - Bitter kola (Garcinia kola) is the African wonder nut that is widely eaten for its medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential genotoxic effects of the aqueous extract of G. kola nuts using the Allium cepa test system. Roots of A. cepa were treated to a series of concentrations, 0 µg/ml, 5.0 µg/ml, 10.0 µg/ml, 25.0 µg/ml and 40.0 µg/ml for a period of 72 hours. The results indicated that percentage growth of roots and mitotic chromosome behaviour was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract. Increase in concentration of extract significantly reduced the number of roots and the length of roots recorded indicating a progressive inhibition of the mitotic activity of the meristematic cells. The mean number of roots (3.2±5.97) and mean length of roots (1.3±0.53cm) were minimum at the highest concentration of extract (40µg/ml). Mitotic index was also minimum (0.44±0.05%) at the highest concentration (40µg/ml) of the G. kola extract. The genotoxicity of the extract was measured using the frequency of chromosomal aberrations which revealed a high frequency of Anaphase chromosomal bridges, Anaphase laggards, sticky chromosomes and nuclear vacuoles. The highest percentage of abnormal cells (3.65±3.49%) was determined for the highest concentration (40µg/ml) of extract. The chromosomal abnormalities were evidences of the action of the aqueous extract on the mitotic spindle and the coiling of chromosomes during anaphase to telophase These results are therefore enough to conclude that G. kola extract possesses cytotoxic and cytogenotoxic properties. VL - 10 IS - 6 ER -
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