Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia

Woldu Mogesse; Habtamu Zeleke

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12

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Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia

Woldu Mogesse, Habtamu Zeleke

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 26 January 2022 Accepted: 26 February 2022 Published: 23 March 2022

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Abstract

Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F₁ hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F₁ hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12
Page(s)	44-50
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crosses, Genotype, Hybrid, Standard Check

References

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[2]	Berhanu T. 2009. Heterosis and Combining Ability for Yield, Yield Related Parameters and Stover Quality Traits for Food-Feed in maize (Zea Mays L.) adapted to the mid-altitude agro-ecology of Ethiopia. MSc Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia, pp 89-152.
[3]	Bolafios, J. and Edmeades, G. O. 1996. The importance of the anthesis-silking interval in breeding for drought tolerance in tropical maize. Field Crops Research, 48 (1996): 65-80.
[4]	CSA (Central Statistical Agency). 2021. Agricultural Sample Survey 2020/2021: Report on area and production of major crops (private peasant holdings, 'Meher' season). Statistical Bulletin. Vol. 1. CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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[6]	Dufera Tulu, Demissew Abakemal, Zeleke Keimeso, Tefera Kumsa, Worknesh Terefe, Legesse Wolde and Abenezer Abebe. 2021. Standard heterosis and heterotic grouping of highland adapted maize (Zea Mays L.) inbred lines in Ethiopia. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 15 (7), 185-192.
[7]	Falconer, D. S. and T. F. C. Mackay. 1996. Introduction to quantitative genetics, 4^th ed. Benjamin Cummings, England: 245-247.
[8]	Girma C. Hosana, Sentayehu Alamerew, Berhanu Tadesse and Temesgen Menamo. 2015. Test Cross Performance and Combining Ability of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines at Bako, Western Ethiopia. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research 15 (4): 2249-4626.
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[10]	Natol Bakala Hundera, Birahanu Abate and Mandefro Nigussie. 2017. Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits at Southern Ethiopia, Hawassa. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (3): 257-264.
[11]	Panse V. G. and Sukhatme, P. V. 1961. Statistical Methods for Agric. Workers, ICAR Publication, New Delhi, pp: 145.
[12]	Paschold, A., Marcon, C., Hoecker, N. and Hochholdinger, F. 2010. Molecular dissection of heterosis manifestation during early maize root development. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 120: 383-388.
[13]	SAS Institute, 2002. Statistical Analysis of system software, Version 9.0, SAS Institute, Inc., cary, NC, USA.
[14]	Shull, G. H. 1908. The comparison of a field of maize. American Breeding Association Report. 4: 296-301.
[15]	Snedecor, G. W and Cochran, W. G. 1967. Statistical Methods. The Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa. U.S.A. 160-413.
[16]	Tefera Kumsa, Habtamu Zeleke and Demissew Abakemal. 2020. Combining Ability and Standard Heterosis of Highland Maize (Zea Mays L.) Inbred Lines for Yield and Yield Related Traits. EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics. 2 (6): 91-103.
[17]	Tsedeke Abate, Bekele Shiferaw, Abebe Menkir, Dagne Wegary, Yilma Kebede, Kindie Tesfaye, Menale Kassie, Gezahegn Bogale, Berhanu Tadesse & Tolera Keno. 2015. Factors that transformed maize productivity in Ethiopia. Food Sec, 7 (5): 965-981.
[18]	USDA-FAS. 2020. United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. World Agricultural Production Circular Series WAP08 -20, August 2020.
[19]	Vasal, S. K., Srinivasan, G., Vergura, A. N. and Gonzalez, C. F. 1995. Heterosis and combining ability in maize germplasm of the high valleys. Revista Ritotecnia Mexicana, 18 (2): 123-139.
[20]	Woldu Mogesse. 2019. Combining Ability and Heterosis for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbreed Lines at Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Ethiopia.
[21]	Woldu Mogesse, Habtamu Zeleke, and Mandefro Nigussie. 2020. Standard Heterosis for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia. East African Journal of Sciences. 14 (1) 51-64.

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APA Style

Woldu Mogesse, Habtamu Zeleke. (2022). Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia. American Journal of BioScience, 10(2), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12

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ACS Style

Woldu Mogesse; Habtamu Zeleke. Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia. Am. J. BioScience 2022, 10(2), 44-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12

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AMA Style

Woldu Mogesse, Habtamu Zeleke. Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia. Am J BioScience. 2022;10(2):44-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12,
  author = {Woldu Mogesse and Habtamu Zeleke},
  title = {Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {44-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221002.12},
  abstract = {Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia
AU  - Woldu Mogesse
AU  - Habtamu Zeleke
Y1  - 2022/03/23
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 44
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12
AB  - Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Woldu Mogesse

School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
Habtamu Zeleke

School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Woldu Mogesse, Habtamu Zeleke. (2022). Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia. American Journal of BioScience, 10(2), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12

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ACS Style

Woldu Mogesse; Habtamu Zeleke. Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia. Am. J. BioScience 2022, 10(2), 44-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12

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AMA Style

Woldu Mogesse, Habtamu Zeleke. Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia. Am J BioScience. 2022;10(2):44-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12,
  author = {Woldu Mogesse and Habtamu Zeleke},
  title = {Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {44-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221002.12},
  abstract = {Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia
AU  - Woldu Mogesse
AU  - Habtamu Zeleke
Y1  - 2022/03/23
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 44
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.12
AB  - Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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