@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20221001.14,
  author = {Mahamat Moussa Hassane Taïsso and Ako Aristide Berenger and Issa Mahamat Souleymane and Koui Stéphane Tossea and Kouman Kouamé Bouatini Angelo and Hamit Mahamat Alio and Mahamat Saleh Issakha Diar and Djiddi Ali Sougoudi and Djimadoum Mbanga and Pascal Ringwald and Djimrassengarh Honoré and Issa Ali Haggar and Hassoumi Manah and Hassan Ahmat Mihedi and N’garadoum Olivier and Brahim Boy Otchom and David Koffi and Dosso Mireille and Djaman Allico Joseph and Offianan André Touré},
  title = {Genetic Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Gene, pfcrt in Massakory (Chad)},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221001.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221001.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221001.14},
  abstract = {Background and Objective: In 2005, Chad, like several other WHO countries, withdrew chloroquine as a first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in response to WHO recommendations related to the reason for the increase in treatment failures and the global spread of chloroquine resistance. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs), Artemether-lumefantrine, has replaced chloroquine as the first-choice treatment for malaria. The present study assessed pfcrt polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Massakory. Methodology and Results: Blood samples for PCR analysis were collected on Whatman 3MM filter paper in Massakory during a therapeutic efficacy study (TES) conducted from December 14, 2019 to March 14, 2020. Genomic DNA was extracted from 113 dried blood spots with the QIAamp DNA Micro Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) as per manufacturer’s protocol and amplified by nested-PCR with pfcrt specific primer. The amplification products were revealed by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel and then sequenced according to Sanger method. A total of 71 sequences were readable. The pfcrt analysis showed that of the 71 readable sequences, high mutation prevalence: 66 (92.96%) IET, 2 (4.22%) IDT and 3 (4.22%) MNK wild pfcrt isolates. Conclusion: These results challenge the highest health authorities in the country. The government, through the Ministry of Public Health and National Solidarity and the National Malaria Control Program, must raise awareness for the effective withdrawal of chloroquine. This action will promote on the one hand the re-emergence of parasites sensitive to chloroquine, and on the other hand make possible the reintroduction of chloroquine in the treatment of simple malaria after the suppression of drug pressure.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Genetic Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Gene, pfcrt in Massakory (Chad)
AU  - Mahamat Moussa Hassane Taïsso
AU  - Ako Aristide Berenger
AU  - Issa Mahamat Souleymane
AU  - Koui Stéphane Tossea
AU  - Kouman Kouamé Bouatini Angelo
AU  - Hamit Mahamat Alio
AU  - Mahamat Saleh Issakha Diar
AU  - Djiddi Ali Sougoudi
AU  - Djimadoum Mbanga
AU  - Pascal Ringwald
AU  - Djimrassengarh Honoré
AU  - Issa Ali Haggar
AU  - Hassoumi Manah
AU  - Hassan Ahmat Mihedi
AU  - N’garadoum Olivier
AU  - Brahim Boy Otchom
AU  - David Koffi
AU  - Dosso Mireille
AU  - Djaman Allico Joseph
AU  - Offianan André Touré
Y1  - 2022/01/15
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221001.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221001.14
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 24
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221001.14
AB  - Background and Objective: In 2005, Chad, like several other WHO countries, withdrew chloroquine as a first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in response to WHO recommendations related to the reason for the increase in treatment failures and the global spread of chloroquine resistance. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs), Artemether-lumefantrine, has replaced chloroquine as the first-choice treatment for malaria. The present study assessed pfcrt polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Massakory. Methodology and Results: Blood samples for PCR analysis were collected on Whatman 3MM filter paper in Massakory during a therapeutic efficacy study (TES) conducted from December 14, 2019 to March 14, 2020. Genomic DNA was extracted from 113 dried blood spots with the QIAamp DNA Micro Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) as per manufacturer’s protocol and amplified by nested-PCR with pfcrt specific primer. The amplification products were revealed by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel and then sequenced according to Sanger method. A total of 71 sequences were readable. The pfcrt analysis showed that of the 71 readable sequences, high mutation prevalence: 66 (92.96%) IET, 2 (4.22%) IDT and 3 (4.22%) MNK wild pfcrt isolates. Conclusion: These results challenge the highest health authorities in the country. The government, through the Ministry of Public Health and National Solidarity and the National Malaria Control Program, must raise awareness for the effective withdrawal of chloroquine. This action will promote on the one hand the re-emergence of parasites sensitive to chloroquine, and on the other hand make possible the reintroduction of chloroquine in the treatment of simple malaria after the suppression of drug pressure.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  - 

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