Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics

Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11

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Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics

Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 29 March 2021 Accepted: 20 April 2021 Published: 29 April 2021

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Abstract

Several materials have been developed and used to remove Chromate (VI) from industrial wastewater before discharge into the environment because of its toxicity and lethality. In this study, low-cost adsorbents (rice husk ash (RHA) and silica (RHS)) were prepared from rice husks purchased locally from a rice mill industry and characterised. While the crystallinity and mineralogy of the adsorbents were analysed using powdered XRD crystallography, analysis of the physico-chemical properties was performed using standard procedures. Elemental analysis (CHN) was done using Perkin Elmer CHN elemental analyser and FTIR Spectrometer was used to determine the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbents at room temperature. The prepared samples were used as adsorbents for the removal of chromate (VI) ion in a batch sorption process with reaction conditions vis–a-viz adsorbent dosage = 0.5 g, adsorbate volume = 500 ml, adsorbate solution concentrations: 10-200 mg/l, time = 4 h, temperature = ambient temperature. The residual Cr (VI) concentration in the solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically at λ = 540 nm following the 1,5–diphenylcarbazide procedure. Results obtained for the characterisation of the adsorbents were similar and comparable with what obtained in literatures. Physico - chemical analysis revealed a high ash content of 89% and silica content of 95.83%. XRD analysis for the rice husk ash samples reflected the presence of cristobalite (SiO₂) in amorphous form and a characteristics broad peak at 2θ angle = 26.5°. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of silanol groups (Si-OH), silicic acid (Si-O-Si-OH) in the ash and Si-O-Si and Si-O) in the silica. The results of effect of time-concentration experiments of chromium ion sorption by the adsorbents revealed that Cr (VI) ion sorption was both time and initial solution concentration dependent with over 80% removal achieved within the first 30 min of contact for both adsorbents as the initial chromate concentration was increased. Kinetic modeling of the process showed up for pseudo second order, hinting on chemisorption as the mechanism of interaction.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11
Page(s)	72-78
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Characterisation, Chromium, Cristobalite, Kinetics, Rice Husk, Ash, Silica

References

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[3]	Mutongo F., Kuipa O., and Kuipa P. K. (2014). Removal of Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Powder of Potato Peelings as a Low Cost Sorbent. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/973153
[4]	Baral, S. S., Das, S. N., & Rath, P. (2006). Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 31 (3), 216–222.
[5]	Karthikeyan, T., Rajgopal, S., & Miranda, L. R. (2005). Chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by Hevea brasiliensis sawdust activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 124 (1–3), 192–199.
[6]	Cimino, G., Passerini, A., & Toscano, G. (2000). Removal of toxic cations and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by hazelnut shell. Water Research, 34 (11), 2955–2962.
[7]	Dubey, S. P., & Gopal, K. (2007). Adsorption of chromium (VI) on low cost adsorbents derived from agricultural waste material: a comparative study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 145 (3), 465–470.
[8]	Wang, X. S.; Tang, Y. P.; Tao, S. R. (2008). Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by the non-living biomass of alligator weed: Kinetics and equilibrium. Adsorption, 14 (6), 823–830.
[9]	Shwetha, M. K.., Geethanjali H. M. and Chowdary K. (2014). A great opportunity in prospective management of rice husk. International Journal of Commerce and Business Management. 7 (1): 176-180.
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Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke. (2021). Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics. American Journal of BioScience, 9(3), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11

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ACS Style

Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke. Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics. Am. J. BioScience 2021, 9(3), 72-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11

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AMA Style

Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke. Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics. Am J BioScience. 2021;9(3):72-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11,
  author = {Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke},
  title = {Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20210903.11},
  abstract = {Several materials have been developed and used to remove Chromate (VI) from industrial wastewater before discharge into the environment because of its toxicity and lethality. In this study, low-cost adsorbents (rice husk ash (RHA) and silica (RHS)) were prepared from rice husks purchased locally from a rice mill industry and characterised. While the crystallinity and mineralogy of the adsorbents were analysed using powdered XRD crystallography, analysis of the physico-chemical properties was performed using standard procedures. Elemental analysis (CHN) was done using Perkin Elmer CHN elemental analyser and FTIR Spectrometer was used to determine the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbents at room temperature. The prepared samples were used as adsorbents for the removal of chromate (VI) ion in a batch sorption process with reaction conditions vis–a-viz adsorbent dosage = 0.5 g, adsorbate volume = 500 ml, adsorbate solution concentrations: 10-200 mg/l, time = 4 h, temperature = ambient temperature. The residual Cr (VI) concentration in the solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically at λ = 540 nm following the 1,5–diphenylcarbazide procedure. Results obtained for the characterisation of the adsorbents were similar and comparable with what obtained in literatures. Physico - chemical analysis revealed a high ash content of 89% and silica content of 95.83%. XRD analysis for the rice husk ash samples reflected the presence of cristobalite (SiO2) in amorphous form and a characteristics broad peak at 2θ angle = 26.5°. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of silanol groups (Si-OH), silicic acid (Si-O-Si-OH) in the ash and Si-O-Si and Si-O) in the silica. The results of effect of time-concentration experiments of chromium ion sorption by the adsorbents revealed that Cr (VI) ion sorption was both time and initial solution concentration dependent with over 80% removal achieved within the first 30 min of contact for both adsorbents as the initial chromate concentration was increased. Kinetic modeling of the process showed up for pseudo second order, hinting on chemisorption as the mechanism of interaction.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics
AU  - Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke
Y1  - 2021/04/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 72
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11
AB  - Several materials have been developed and used to remove Chromate (VI) from industrial wastewater before discharge into the environment because of its toxicity and lethality. In this study, low-cost adsorbents (rice husk ash (RHA) and silica (RHS)) were prepared from rice husks purchased locally from a rice mill industry and characterised. While the crystallinity and mineralogy of the adsorbents were analysed using powdered XRD crystallography, analysis of the physico-chemical properties was performed using standard procedures. Elemental analysis (CHN) was done using Perkin Elmer CHN elemental analyser and FTIR Spectrometer was used to determine the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbents at room temperature. The prepared samples were used as adsorbents for the removal of chromate (VI) ion in a batch sorption process with reaction conditions vis–a-viz adsorbent dosage = 0.5 g, adsorbate volume = 500 ml, adsorbate solution concentrations: 10-200 mg/l, time = 4 h, temperature = ambient temperature. The residual Cr (VI) concentration in the solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically at λ = 540 nm following the 1,5–diphenylcarbazide procedure. Results obtained for the characterisation of the adsorbents were similar and comparable with what obtained in literatures. Physico - chemical analysis revealed a high ash content of 89% and silica content of 95.83%. XRD analysis for the rice husk ash samples reflected the presence of cristobalite (SiO2) in amorphous form and a characteristics broad peak at 2θ angle = 26.5°. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of silanol groups (Si-OH), silicic acid (Si-O-Si-OH) in the ash and Si-O-Si and Si-O) in the silica. The results of effect of time-concentration experiments of chromium ion sorption by the adsorbents revealed that Cr (VI) ion sorption was both time and initial solution concentration dependent with over 80% removal achieved within the first 30 min of contact for both adsorbents as the initial chromate concentration was increased. Kinetic modeling of the process showed up for pseudo second order, hinting on chemisorption as the mechanism of interaction.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke

Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

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Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke. (2021). Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics. American Journal of BioScience, 9(3), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11

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ACS Style

Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke. Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics. Am. J. BioScience 2021, 9(3), 72-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11

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AMA Style

Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke. Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics. Am J BioScience. 2021;9(3):72-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11,
  author = {Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke},
  title = {Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20210903.11},
  abstract = {Several materials have been developed and used to remove Chromate (VI) from industrial wastewater before discharge into the environment because of its toxicity and lethality. In this study, low-cost adsorbents (rice husk ash (RHA) and silica (RHS)) were prepared from rice husks purchased locally from a rice mill industry and characterised. While the crystallinity and mineralogy of the adsorbents were analysed using powdered XRD crystallography, analysis of the physico-chemical properties was performed using standard procedures. Elemental analysis (CHN) was done using Perkin Elmer CHN elemental analyser and FTIR Spectrometer was used to determine the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbents at room temperature. The prepared samples were used as adsorbents for the removal of chromate (VI) ion in a batch sorption process with reaction conditions vis–a-viz adsorbent dosage = 0.5 g, adsorbate volume = 500 ml, adsorbate solution concentrations: 10-200 mg/l, time = 4 h, temperature = ambient temperature. The residual Cr (VI) concentration in the solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically at λ = 540 nm following the 1,5–diphenylcarbazide procedure. Results obtained for the characterisation of the adsorbents were similar and comparable with what obtained in literatures. Physico - chemical analysis revealed a high ash content of 89% and silica content of 95.83%. XRD analysis for the rice husk ash samples reflected the presence of cristobalite (SiO2) in amorphous form and a characteristics broad peak at 2θ angle = 26.5°. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of silanol groups (Si-OH), silicic acid (Si-O-Si-OH) in the ash and Si-O-Si and Si-O) in the silica. The results of effect of time-concentration experiments of chromium ion sorption by the adsorbents revealed that Cr (VI) ion sorption was both time and initial solution concentration dependent with over 80% removal achieved within the first 30 min of contact for both adsorbents as the initial chromate concentration was increased. Kinetic modeling of the process showed up for pseudo second order, hinting on chemisorption as the mechanism of interaction.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Low-cost Rice Husk Ash and Silica for Chromium Ion Sorption from Aqueous System: Characterisation and Kinetics
AU  - Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke
Y1  - 2021/04/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 72
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.11
AB  - Several materials have been developed and used to remove Chromate (VI) from industrial wastewater before discharge into the environment because of its toxicity and lethality. In this study, low-cost adsorbents (rice husk ash (RHA) and silica (RHS)) were prepared from rice husks purchased locally from a rice mill industry and characterised. While the crystallinity and mineralogy of the adsorbents were analysed using powdered XRD crystallography, analysis of the physico-chemical properties was performed using standard procedures. Elemental analysis (CHN) was done using Perkin Elmer CHN elemental analyser and FTIR Spectrometer was used to determine the functional groups on the surface of the adsorbents at room temperature. The prepared samples were used as adsorbents for the removal of chromate (VI) ion in a batch sorption process with reaction conditions vis–a-viz adsorbent dosage = 0.5 g, adsorbate volume = 500 ml, adsorbate solution concentrations: 10-200 mg/l, time = 4 h, temperature = ambient temperature. The residual Cr (VI) concentration in the solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically at λ = 540 nm following the 1,5–diphenylcarbazide procedure. Results obtained for the characterisation of the adsorbents were similar and comparable with what obtained in literatures. Physico - chemical analysis revealed a high ash content of 89% and silica content of 95.83%. XRD analysis for the rice husk ash samples reflected the presence of cristobalite (SiO2) in amorphous form and a characteristics broad peak at 2θ angle = 26.5°. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of silanol groups (Si-OH), silicic acid (Si-O-Si-OH) in the ash and Si-O-Si and Si-O) in the silica. The results of effect of time-concentration experiments of chromium ion sorption by the adsorbents revealed that Cr (VI) ion sorption was both time and initial solution concentration dependent with over 80% removal achieved within the first 30 min of contact for both adsorbents as the initial chromate concentration was increased. Kinetic modeling of the process showed up for pseudo second order, hinting on chemisorption as the mechanism of interaction.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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