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Immunodiagnosis of Celiac Disease among Children with Chronic Diarrhea in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Ahmed Mahmood Ruby,
Randa Al-Khodary,
Mohammad Shubair,
Mahmoud Sirdah
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
192-195
Received:
31 August 2014
Accepted:
8 September 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is a permanent intolerance to gluten that results in damage to the mucosa of the small intestine. The prevalence of CD in developing countries may be undervalued due to different factors, but lack of awareness and low suspicion of the disease could be the main factors. The aim of the present work was to estimate the occurrence of CD among children suffering from chronic diarrhea in Gaza Strip and to adopt dependable non -invasive immunological techniques for diagnosis of CD in the laboratories of the Ministry of Health. This study was conducted on children (6-96 months) suffering from frequent (>3times/day) chronic diarrhea that not caused by infection. The study population comprised 123 symptomatic Palestinian children. Five ml peripheral blood were collected, sera were separated and stored at -70 ⁰C until performing the following assays: IgA Anti-endomysial antibodies(EMAs) using indirect immunofluorescence technique (IF), anti- tissue transglutaminase enzyme antibodies (tTG, IgG, IgA) and (tTG, IgA) using ELISA technique, anti smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) using indirect immunofluorescence and total IgA using radial immunodiffusion (RID). The prevalence of CD using EMAs test was 3.25% but 12.2% when (tTG IgG, IgA) assay was applied. However, the prevalence of ASMA was 28.5% which may mask the EMAs antibodies and hence giving false negative results of EMAs. Our results showed comparable sensitivity of both (tTG IgG, IgA) and EMAs. Deficient or low IgA represented 33.3% of all (tTG IgG, IgA) positive samples. It was concluded that EMAs and (tTG IgG, IgA) tests could be used as noninvasive techniques on children suffering from CD. However for those having low or IgA deficiency, the class IgG of EMAs and tTG should be performed.
Abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is a permanent intolerance to gluten that results in damage to the mucosa of the small intestine. The prevalence of CD in developing countries may be undervalued due to different factors, but lack of awareness and low suspicion of the disease could be the main factors. The aim of the present work was to estimate the occurrence o...
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Nutritive and Antioxidant Characteristics of Roasted Leafy Vegetables Consumed in Western Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Armel Zoro,
Lessoy Zoué,
Rose-Monde Megnanou,
Gisèle Koua,
Sébastien Niamké
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
196-202
Received:
19 October 2014
Accepted:
4 November 2014
Published:
10 November 2014
Abstract: African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) have long been recognized as the cheapest and the most abundant potential sources of vitamins and minerals using for fighting against malnutrition. Five leafy vegetables (Abelmoschus esculentus, Celosia argentea, Ipomea batatas, Manihot esculenta and Myrianthus arboreus) that are used for sauce preparation in Western Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) were subjected to roasting in order to evaluate the effect of this non conventional processing method on their nutritive and antioxidant properties. This study showed that longer time (higher than 2 min) of roasting at 180-200°C caused negative impact with nutrient losses but positive impact by reducing anti-nutrients such as oxalates and phytates. The registered losses at 2 min of roasting were as follow: ash (7.47 – 36.65 %), proteins (3.04 – 32.66%), vitamin C (75 – 92.14%), carotenoids (27.34 – 81.94%), oxalates (3.84 – 10.89%) and phytates (0.45 – 15.72%). Roasting processing of the studied leafy vegetables highlighted a significant increase (2.63 to 13.83%) of polyphenols contents coupled with increasing of antioxidant activity. Moreover, after 2 min of roasting processing, the residual contents of minerals were: calcium (202.45 – 542.06 mg/100g), magnesium (123.73 – 467.43 mg/100g), potassium (1209.85 – 3796.16 mg/100g), iron (44.72 – 128.47 mg/100g) and zinc (6.35 – 40.13 mg/100g). All these results suggest that roasting processing (less than 2 min at 200°C) may be used as valuable cooking method of leafy vegetables in order to minimize nutrient losses and to contribute efficiently to the food security of Ivorian population.
Abstract: African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) have long been recognized as the cheapest and the most abundant potential sources of vitamins and minerals using for fighting against malnutrition. Five leafy vegetables (Abelmoschus esculentus, Celosia argentea, Ipomea batatas, Manihot esculenta and Myrianthus arboreus) that are used for sauce preparation in Western...
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A remarkable Activity of Steroid Biosynthesis in Captopril Preserved Leydig Cells of Mice Implicated Leukotriene B4 and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormones in vitro
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
203-210
Received:
30 October 2014
Accepted:
12 November 2014
Published:
17 November 2014
Abstract: In this study, investigated whether captopril inhibited steroidogenesis and components of the Leukotriene B4 pathways are involved in GnRH agonist (GnRH)-induced testis steroidogenesis in mice Leydig cells. Primary cultures of mice Leydig cells were established. Purified Leydig cells from adult albino mice were incubated with gradual various concentrations of GnRH with and without Captopril, Luteinizing hormone (LH); LTB4, steroidogenic (testosterone) activity and LTB4 concentration were measured after various time intervals and Leydig cell viability. The maneuvers of Leydig cells treated media was covered the singular and dual actions of antisteroidogenic of captopril and the reversible activity by GnRH-LTB4 as well as contribution of LTB4 in Leydig cells testosterone production endpoint. The different treatment media are Medium alone; Medium plus captopril 60 μM, 65 μM, 70 μM, 75 μM and 80 μM 100 μM; Medium plus 2.5mU/ml leukotriene B4; Medium plus 0.1 mM LH; Medium plus 0.1 μM GnRH; Medium plus 65 μM captopril plus 2.5 mU/ml leukotriene B4;Medium plus 65 μM captopril plus 0.1 mM LH; Medium plus 65 μM captopril plus 0.1 mM GnRH; Medium plus 0.1 mM GnRH plus 2.5 mU/ml leukotriene B4 and Medium plus 65 μM captopril plus 0.1 mM GnRH plus 2.5 mU/ml leukotriene B4. Basal testosterone levels were maximal at 0.1 μM GnRH concentration and superior testosterone yield in Leydig cells incubated 0.1 μM GnRH media than without GnRH media, and the activity profile LTB4 flow up. That comparable result led to highly correlated approved the contribution of LTB4 in GnRH stimulated Leydig cell steroidogenic end point. Furthermore captopril had an abolishment effect partially of testosterone yield and recovered and improved by GnRH and LTB4. The Leydig cells viability results suggest that the major effect of GnRH is probably beyond the LTB4. The entire key; GnRH induced testosterone production and upregulated LTB4 Levels at both the captopril inhibitory LTB4-testesteron Leydig cells culture media and captopril abolished LTB4 levels; it also activated endogenous LTB4, but not LH motivated testosterone pathway. Our data show that GnRH positively regulates steroidogenesis via LTB4 signaling in mice Leydig cells. LTB4 activation by GnRH may be responsible for the induction of Ca++ signaling indirect. Possibility improve the captopril steroidogenic disruption in Leydig cells via LTB4 and/or GnRH induction of endogenous LTB4, likewise the positive maintenance of Leydig cells viability matched induce testosterone synthesis. The LTB4 production, which may ultimately modulate steroidogenesis in mice Leydig cells, and promise new antidotal and preventative of captopril adverse effects.
Abstract: In this study, investigated whether captopril inhibited steroidogenesis and components of the Leukotriene B4 pathways are involved in GnRH agonist (GnRH)-induced testis steroidogenesis in mice Leydig cells. Primary cultures of mice Leydig cells were established. Purified Leydig cells from adult albino mice were incubated with gradual various concen...
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In Vitro Digestibility of Dockounou, a Traditional Plantain Derivate Dish of Côte d’Ivoire
Joseph Kouadio,
Rose-Monde Megnanou,
Eric Akpa,
Severin Kra,
Sebastien Niamke
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
211-216
Received:
9 November 2014
Accepted:
19 November 2014
Published:
23 November 2014
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify sugar products from dockounou digestion. Tests of digestibility on various dockounou using a digestive juice of young snails namly Archachatina ventricosa and experimental acid hydrolysis were used. The results had showed that boiled dockounou were more hydrolysis than the backed one. Specifically, the rice boiled dockounou was more hydrolyzed than the maize boiled dockounou. Both rice boiled an baked dockounou are more hydrolyzed than the maize dockounou did. The sugars liberated for rice backed dockounou range from 0 to 0.80 µmol thereby it’s 0 to 2.40 µmol for maize one. These results are significantly differents (p≤0.05). Enzymatic or acid hydrolysis products of boiled and backed dockounou are only the glucose. The intensity of this reducing sugar liberation depends on the time. This information shows, in the whole, that dockounou is an energetic dishe for children neither for diabetics.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify sugar products from dockounou digestion. Tests of digestibility on various dockounou using a digestive juice of young snails namly Archachatina ventricosa and experimental acid hydrolysis were used. The results had showed that boiled dockounou were more hydrolysis than the backed one. Specifically, the rice boi...
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Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis
Aiman Al-Qtaitat,
Said Al-Dalaen,
Samir Mahgoub,
Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh,
Jean E. Aaron
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
217-221
Received:
13 November 2014
Accepted:
28 November 2014
Published:
2 December 2014
Abstract: Osteoporosis particularly affects post-menopausal women for which the ovariectomized (OVX) rat is an established model and validation tool for agents of bone loss prevention. Objective: The potency of the natural substance propolis was investigated with regard to bone loss in ovariectomized animals. Methods: The complex chemical nature of propolis extract was confirmed by HPLC. Adult female albino rats (n=70; weight 150 – 200 gm), all ovariectomized at 24 weeks were randomly divided into controls (Group I, n=35; OVX/ H2O-supplement), for comparison with treatment (Group II, n=35; OVX/ propolis-supplement) administered as 400 mg of propolis/kg daily for 9 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis included serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), with serum osteocalcin (OC) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urine biochemical analysis measured Ca, P and creatinine (Cr). In addition, the corresponding densitometry of bone status comprised the bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) at the proximal, distal and total femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; PIXImus), while the morphometry of the femoral shaft thickness was determined in longitudinal sections using an automated image analyzer. Results: A total of 27 compounds including flavonoids was identified in the propolis extract by HPLC. In comparison with OVX controls the skeleton was more substantial morphometrically in the animals receiving propolis, in terms of femoral shaft width (p<0.01) and BMD and BMC (p< 0.01). Simultaneously, the urine biochemical indices of Ca, P, Cr and Ca:Cr were significantly reduced (p<0.01) by propolis, while serum TRAP (an index of bone resorption) was also significantly lower (p<0.05), as were serum OC and ALP (indices of bone formation; p<0.05). Conclusion: Propolis is chemically complex and statistically bioactive in the oestrogen-deficient rodent, maintaining bone mass by reducing remodeling possibly by interaction with oestrogen receptors.
Abstract: Osteoporosis particularly affects post-menopausal women for which the ovariectomized (OVX) rat is an established model and validation tool for agents of bone loss prevention. Objective: The potency of the natural substance propolis was investigated with regard to bone loss in ovariectomized animals. Methods: The complex chemical nature of propolis ...
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Hydrogen Sulfide and SIRT3 Gene, the Strong Preventive and Therapeutic Agent in Aging and Age Related Diseases
Md. Shamim Hossain,
Md. Ashrafuzzaman Sapon,
Naim Hassan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
222-232
Received:
23 October 2014
Accepted:
6 November 2014
Published:
18 December 2014
Abstract: There are seven SIRT isoforms in mammals, with different biological activities including gene regulation, metabolism and apoptosis. Despite recent controversy about sirtuins function in some organisms, among them SIRT3 is the only sirtuin whose increased expression has been shown to correlate with an extended life span in humans. SIRT3 is a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+ dependent deacetylases, which is localized to the mitochondria and is enriched in kidney, brown adipose tissue, heart, and other metabolically active tissues. It is an endogenous negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, which protects hearts by suppressing cellular levels of ROS and modulates mitochondrial intermediary metabolism and fatty acid utilization during fasting. Another one, Hydrogen sulfide is produced within the human body, and relaxes the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells, which is important to maintaining clean arteries as one age. It functions as an antioxidant and inhibits expression of pro-inflammatory factors, all of which imply an important role in aging and age-associated diseases. The aim of this review is to find out the anti aging properties of SIRT3 and H2S that can be used to extend the life span of human as a preventive and therapeutic agent.
Abstract: There are seven SIRT isoforms in mammals, with different biological activities including gene regulation, metabolism and apoptosis. Despite recent controversy about sirtuins function in some organisms, among them SIRT3 is the only sirtuin whose increased expression has been shown to correlate with an extended life span in humans. SIRT3 is a member ...
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Production of Yeast Biomass in Maize and Millet within Sokoto State, Nigeria
Shinkafi Sa’adatu Aliyu,
Jibril Rahma Muhammad
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
233-237
Received:
19 November 2014
Accepted:
9 December 2014
Published:
18 December 2014
Abstract: The research was aimed at determininig the yield in yeast biomass production usinng Saccharomyces cerevisae as the test organism. Maize and millet bran were used to enhance the growth of the organism using control and complex media. Biomass yield was determined based on the concentration of the organism in the culture at 24hours interval for the period of four (4) days. The results obtained for millet in control media were 0.765, 0.922, 0.765 and 0.713 cell densities for the period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The results obtained for maize in control media were 0.766, 0.927, 0.766 and 0.713 cell densities for the periods of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The results for millet in complex media were recorded as 0.767, 0.925, 0.767 and 0.712 cell densities for the periods of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The results of maize in complex media were recorded as 0.769, 0.928, 0.769 and 0.713 cell densities for the periods of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. From the results obtained in this work it could be seen that the maximum yield in yeast biomass was achieved using maize bran which was supported with complex media. Therefore, the use of maize bran for cheeper biomass production in large quantity is highly encouraged.
Abstract: The research was aimed at determininig the yield in yeast biomass production usinng Saccharomyces cerevisae as the test organism. Maize and millet bran were used to enhance the growth of the organism using control and complex media. Biomass yield was determined based on the concentration of the organism in the culture at 24hours interval for the pe...
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Temperature Modulation of the Activity and Malate Inhibition of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase from Leaves of Alternanthera pungens, Compared to that of Lycopersicom esculentum
Bhaskarrao Chinthapalli,
D. S. Vijaya Chitra,
Agepati S. Raghavendra
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
238-243
Received:
24 November 2014
Accepted:
11 December 2014
Published:
18 December 2014
Abstract: Temperature caused marked modulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) in leaf discs of Alternanthera pungens (C4 plant) as well as Lycopersicon esculentum (C3 species). The optimal incubation temperature for PEPC activity in A. pungens was 45 °C compared to 30 °C in L. esculentum. A. pungens lost nearly 61% of PEPC activity on exposure to a low temperature of 15 °C, compared to only about a 33% loss in the case of L. esculentum. The C4 enzyme was less sensitive to supra-optimal temperature and more sensitive to sub-optimal temperature than that of the C3 species. Further as the temperature was raised from 15 °C to 50 °C, there was a sharp decrease in malate sensitivity of PEPC. The extent of such a decrease in C4 plants was more than that in C3 species. Arrhenius plots that were constructed by plotting the activity of PEPC against the reciprocal of temperature in the absence or presence of malate exhibited abrupt changes or “break-points” at only one point of 17oC in A. pungens while at two points corresponding 17oC and 27oC in case of L. esculentum. The activation energy of PEPC from A. pungens was less compared to that of L. esculentum in the temperature range of 10 to 27oC. However, the activation energy of PEPC from A. pungens was less than that of L. esculentum above the temperature of 27oC. The activation energy increased by 2 to 4 fold at temperatures below 17oC, in case of both A. pungens and L. esculentum. Thus, our results show the activity and malate sensitivity of PEPC can be influenced in relation to high temperature tolerance of C4 plants, which can be physiologically significant.
Abstract: Temperature caused marked modulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) in leaf discs of Alternanthera pungens (C4 plant) as well as Lycopersicon esculentum (C3 species). The optimal incubation temperature for PEPC activity in A. pungens was 45 °C compared to 30 °C in L. esculentum. A. pungens lost nearly 61% of PEPC activity on...
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Study of the Extract Activities of Buas buas Leaves (Premna pubescens) as Immunostimulant on Rats (Rattus novegicus)
Martina Restuati,
Syafruddin Ilyas,
Salomo Hutahaean,
Herbert Sipahutar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
244-250
Received:
28 November 2014
Accepted:
14 December 2014
Published:
19 December 2014
Abstract: Buas buas (Premna pubescens) is one of the plants in Indonesia which is believed to have medicinal properties, but it is not certain. This plant is consumed by the Malay community, one of the tribes in North Sumatra - Indonesia, as vegetables, especially during the fasting month. This paper describes the effects of ethanol extract of leaves of Buas buas as an immunostimulant in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The experiments were performed on 24 tail of male rats, which were three months old, weighing 140-180 g. There were four groups of experiment ie Group A0 was given Carboxy Methyl Cellulose mice (CMC) (control group), group A1 was given 500 mg/ kg bw of Ethanol Extracts of Buas buas. Group A2, given ethanol extracts of Buas buas 500 mg / kg bw + SRBC, and the group A3 only given Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC). After this experiment, apigenin levels were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Agilent 1220. Then the activity of immunostimulation is determinated by measuring the leukocyte count, percentage of lymphocytes, antibody titers, the levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and lysozyme with ABX Micros 60. The group A2 is seen the highest group of in the number of leukocytes, antibody titer levels, imonoglobulin G (IgG), and imonoglobulin M. The amount of lysozyme owned group A2 is 0:04 ug / ml, whereas other treatments to obtain results that are not different relative significantly. Provision of Ethanol Extracts of Buas buas on mice can increase the leukocytes, lymphocytes, antibody titers, IgM, IgG and Lysozyme.
Abstract: Buas buas (Premna pubescens) is one of the plants in Indonesia which is believed to have medicinal properties, but it is not certain. This plant is consumed by the Malay community, one of the tribes in North Sumatra - Indonesia, as vegetables, especially during the fasting month. This paper describes the effects of ethanol extract of leaves of Buas...
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Oleaginous Yeasts form Uruguay and Antarctica as Renewable Raw Material for Biodiesel Production
Virginia Pereyra,
Adalgisa Martinez,
Caterina Rufo,
Silvana Vero
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
251-257
Received:
26 December 2014
Accepted:
6 January 2015
Published:
14 January 2015
Abstract: In the present study a screening of oleaginous yeasts from different habitats nearby Montevideo, Uruguay, was carried out. Four yeast strains previously isolated from soil from Fildes Peninsula, in the Antarctic region, were also included in the study. More than 75% of the obtained isolates were characterized as oleaginous though only four of them (two from Antarctica and two from Uruguay) were able to accumulate lipids to levels exceeding the 40% of cell dry weight. One of the selected strains was identified as Rhodotorula graminis, which has been already recognized as an oleaginous species. However, the other three isolates belong to species, which have not been reported as oleaginous before. This work constitutes the first report of Cryptococcus phenolicus, Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum and Leucosporidium scottii as oleaginous species. Three of the selected isolates were able to grow with glycerol as carbon source. According to lipid production in presence of glycerol, one isolate was selected for further studies. The ability to grow and accumulate intracellular lipids in presence of crude glycerol was assessed for the selected strain. In such conditions, a maximum concentration of 5.9 g L-1 of lipids with a suitable fatty acid profile according to the requirements established in our country for the raw material used in the production of biodiesel, was obtained.
Abstract: In the present study a screening of oleaginous yeasts from different habitats nearby Montevideo, Uruguay, was carried out. Four yeast strains previously isolated from soil from Fildes Peninsula, in the Antarctic region, were also included in the study. More than 75% of the obtained isolates were characterized as oleaginous though only four of them ...
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